• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
战秀梅, 彭靖, 王月, 刘轶飞, 陈坤, 韩晓日, 王恒飞, 蔺文成, 李喜研. 生物炭及炭基肥改良棕壤理化性状及提高花生产量的作用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(6): 1633-1641. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0631
引用本文: 战秀梅, 彭靖, 王月, 刘轶飞, 陈坤, 韩晓日, 王恒飞, 蔺文成, 李喜研. 生物炭及炭基肥改良棕壤理化性状及提高花生产量的作用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(6): 1633-1641. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0631
ZHAN Xiu-mei, PENG Jing, WANG Yue, LIU Yi-fei, CHEN Kun, HAN Xiao-ri, WANG Heng-fei, LIN Wen-cheng, LI Xi-yan. Influences of application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on brown soil physiochemical properties and peanut yields[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(6): 1633-1641. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0631
Citation: ZHAN Xiu-mei, PENG Jing, WANG Yue, LIU Yi-fei, CHEN Kun, HAN Xiao-ri, WANG Heng-fei, LIN Wen-cheng, LI Xi-yan. Influences of application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on brown soil physiochemical properties and peanut yields[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2015, 21(6): 1633-1641. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0631

生物炭及炭基肥改良棕壤理化性状及提高花生产量的作用

Influences of application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on brown soil physiochemical properties and peanut yields

  • 摘要: 目的 炭基复合肥是生物炭农用的另一种方式,生物炭作为土壤改良剂对土壤改良研究的报道较多,但大多为短期培养或模拟试验。目前更缺乏生物炭与传统土壤培肥方式的比较研究。本研究旨在通过4年的田间微区定位试验,开展生物炭及炭基复合肥对棕壤理化性质及花生产量的影响研究,以期为生物炭的培肥改土及合理农用提供理论依据。方法 定位试验于2009年开始,连续4年进行了花生微区田间试验(2 m2)。试验设4个处理,分别为秸秆还田+NPK(CS)、 施用猪厩肥+NPK(PMC)、 生物炭+NPK(BIO)和基于生物炭的炭基复合肥(BF),所有处理均为等氮磷钾养分,BIO处理与PMC处理为等碳量,BIO处理相当于CS处理所施用的玉米秸秆量制备得到的生物炭量,BF处理碳含量低于BIO碳含量,每个处理重复3次,随机排列。分析试验前和2012年收获后土壤理化性质,比较各处理4年的花生产量。结果 连续施用4年后,与试验前相比,BIO处理的土壤有机碳提高了27.6%,全氮含量提高了75.6%,显著高于其他各处理,土壤pH提高了0.14个单位,显著高于CS处理,与PMC处理相近; 土壤碱解氮、 速效磷、 速效钾和CEC值与CS或PMC处理相近; BIO处理的土壤毛管孔隙度和田间持水量显著高于其他处理,容重和土壤总孔隙度与CS和PMC处理差异不显著; 4年中花生产量均居首位,从3198.5 kg/hm2提高到4818.0 kg/hm2,但与PMC处理差异不显著。连续施用4年后,BF处理土壤pH较试验前提高了0.57个单位,显著高于其他各处理,优势显著; 土壤有机碳和全氮含量较试验前分别提高了4.4%和27.9%,显著低于BIO处理,对土壤物理性质的调节作用也不及BIO处理,其他指标差异不显著,但总体上与CS或PMC处理相近; BF处理的花生产量在试验的前3年与BIO处理差异不显著,第4年较BIO处理降低了317.1 kg/hm2,差异显著,介于PMC和CS处理之间。结论 各处理作物产量随施用年限增加而提高。生物炭和炭基复合肥对土壤的理化性质的改良作用与秸秆还田和施用猪厩肥相近,生物炭在提高土壤有机碳和全氮含量方面,炭基复合肥在改善土壤pH方面优势突出,对作物具有持续增产作用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Biochar has been studied as soil amendment mostly by either short-term culture experiments or simulation tests. Biochar-based fertilizer is another way of biochar utilization in agriculture, but few relevant researches have been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on improving soil physiochemical properties and the yield of peanut, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the use of biochar-based fertilizers in agriculture. 【Methods】 A micro-plot (2 m2) field experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2012 with peanut as tested crop. Four treatments were designed: corn straw returning in combination with NPK (CS), piggery manure in combination with NPK (PMC), biochar from corncob in combination with NPK (BIO), and biochar-based fertilizer (BF). All these treatments were under the same N, P and K nutrient inputs, the carbon-input of PMC was consistent with BIO, the biochar-input quantity of BIO was equal to the corn stalk pyrolysed residual content of CS, and the carbon-input of BF was less than that of BIO. Three replicates were set up for each treatment in a completely random way. The soil physiochemical properties before the experiment and after the harvest of 2012 were investigated, and the peanut yields of each treatment in four years were compared. 【Results】 In the fourth year of the experiment, all the treatments except the CS show improvement effect on soil pH, CEC and the nutrient contents. The peanut yields of all the treatments had been increased with the experimental years. The highest increase in soil organic C and total N is in the BIO treatment, in which the increases are 27.6% and 75.6%, showing a distinct advantage; the soil pH is increased by 0.14, which is significantly higher than that of CS and close to that of PMC. Soil available N, P and K and CEC of BIO are closed to those of CS or PMC. The capillary porosity and field capacity in BIO are higher than in the others, while the bulk density and the total soil porosity have no significant differences between CS and PMC. BIO holds the first place in the yield for 4 years, with the yields increased from 3198.5 to 4818.0 kg/hm2, which have no significant differences with the PMC. In the fourth year, the soil pH in BF is significant higher than in the other treatments, and the enhance of 0.57 unit shows a distinct advantage; the organic C and total N in the BF treatment are increased by 4.4% and 27.9% respectively and are significantly lower than those of BIO, and the effects of the adjustment on soil physical properties are not as good as BIO. Other indicators of BF have no significant differences with BIO, but they are generally closed to CS or PMC. The peanut yields of BF have no significant differences with BIO in the first three years, while it is reduced by 317.1 kg/hm2 in the fourth year compared with BIO, and it is significantly lower than that of BIO and between that of PMC and that of CS in the fourth year. 【Conclusions】 On the whole, the effects of the biochar and biochar-based fertilizer on improving soil physiochemical properties are similar to the straw returning and piggery manure application. Biochar is superior for enhancing soil organic C and total N contents, and biochar-based fertilizer is for improving soil pH. The peanut yield is steadily increased with both the application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer.

     

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