• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
何冬冬, 魏欣琪, 林紫婷, 郭吴晔, 陈志厚, 陈让友, 陈星, 谢小丹, 刘泓. 不同有机肥对植烟红壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 2081-2094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20209
引用本文: 何冬冬, 魏欣琪, 林紫婷, 郭吴晔, 陈志厚, 陈让友, 陈星, 谢小丹, 刘泓. 不同有机肥对植烟红壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 2081-2094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20209
HE Dong-dong, WEI Xin-qi, LIN Zi-ting, GUO Wu-ye, CHEN Zhi-hou, CHEN Rang-you, CHEN Xing, XIE Xiao-dan, LIU Hong. Effects of different organic fertilizers on fungal community structure and functional groups in red soil with tobacco plantation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(11): 2081-2094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20209
Citation: HE Dong-dong, WEI Xin-qi, LIN Zi-ting, GUO Wu-ye, CHEN Zhi-hou, CHEN Rang-you, CHEN Xing, XIE Xiao-dan, LIU Hong. Effects of different organic fertilizers on fungal community structure and functional groups in red soil with tobacco plantation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(11): 2081-2094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20209

不同有机肥对植烟红壤真菌群落结构及功能的影响

Effects of different organic fertilizers on fungal community structure and functional groups in red soil with tobacco plantation

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究植烟土壤中与养分循环相关的真菌群落结构和功能类群对不同有机肥施用的响应,为指导烤烟合理施肥、减缓连作障碍和土传病害提供科学依据。
    方法 选择烤烟品种‘云烟87’为供试作物,以当地农业废弃物为原料堆制有机肥,设置6个处理:单施化肥 (CK)、鸡粪有机肥 (T1)、芝麻饼肥 (T2)、菜籽饼肥 (T3)、牛粪 (T4)、稻草 (T5),所有处理氮磷钾总量和比例用化肥调整为一致。随机区组田间试验,每个处理3次重复。采用高通量测序结合FUNGuild分析方法,测定分析烟草不同生长阶段各处理的土壤真菌群落结构、多样性、组成及群落功能。
    结果 结合UPGMA聚类分析和主坐标分析 (PCoA) 发现,相比T2和T3处理,T5、T4和T1处理在烟草旺长期对土壤真菌群落结构的影响较大;成熟期T2与T3处理对土壤真菌群落结构的影响逐渐增大,且超过T4和T5处理。相比CK,T2、T3及T5处理中腐生营养型真菌比例分别显著提高了262.0%、64.0%和198.0%。其中T5处理土壤中腐生营养型真菌所占比例超过病理营养型真菌,成为其主要优势菌群;T1、T2及T4处理的土壤共生营养型真菌分别显著增加了80.0%、320.0%和85.71%。T1、T2和T4处理分别提高了土壤中植物病原菌Monographella (408.98%)、Microidium (93.63%)、Gibberella (559.22%) 的相对丰度。
    结论 相比单施化肥处理,有机肥会导致土壤真菌群落结构发生变化,且不同有机肥的影响程度和时期均不同,其主要是增加了土壤腐生营养型真菌的比例,更有利于土壤生态系统的稳定和健康。5种供试有机肥处理中,稻草配施化肥最有利于降低长期烟稻轮作的土传病害风险,提高土壤肥力,鸡粪和菜籽饼次之;芝麻饼和牛粪在提高腐生营养型和共生营养型真菌比例的同时,也会增加烟稻轮作体系中水稻赤霉病及烟草根腐病风险。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The aims of the study were to understand the effects of different organic fertilizers on fungal community structure and functional groups in tobacco-planting soil, so as to provide scientific basis for guiding the rational fertilizer application and alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases.
    Methods Five local main organic materials were used to make the tested composts, and tobacco cultivar Yun87 was selected as experimental crop for a field experiment in Fujina Province. The six treatments included chemical fertilizer control (CK), chicken manure (T1), sesame cake (T2), rapeseed cake (T3), cow dung (T4) and rice straw (T5). All the treatments were adjusted to the same NPK input ratio and amount using chemical fertilizers. Illumine high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild were employed to determine soil fungal community structure, diversity, composition and community function under the six treatments.
    Results Combined UPGMA clustering analysis with principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), the treatments of T5, T4 and T1 had greater impact on soil fungal community structure in the vigorous growth period of tobacco, and the T2 and T3 treatments had greater effect in the mature period. Compared with CK, the proportion of saprophytic fungi in T2, T3 and T5 treatments were increased significantly by 262.0%, 64.0% and 198.0%, respectively. Among them, the proportion of saprophytic fungi of rice straw treatment exceeded the proportion of pathological nutritive fungi and became the dominant fungal community. The proportion of symbiotic fungi in T1, T2 and T4 treatments was increased significantly by 80.0%, 320.0% and 85.71%, respectively. T1, T2 and T4 treatments respectively increased the relative abundance of plant pathogens Monographella (408.98%), Microidium (93.63%) and Gibberella (559.22%).
    Conclusions Application of all the tested five organic fertilizers could increase the ratio of soil saprophytic fungi and symbiotic fungi, which is beneficial to create a stable and health soil ecosystem. The effects of changing soil fungal community structure are different among the organic fertilizers and in different tobacco growing stages. Rice straw has the highest superiority in reducing the risk of soil-borne diseases in long-term tobacco rice rotation and improves soil fertility, followed by chicken manure and rapeseed cake compost; sesame cake and cow dung compost could increase the proportion of saprophytic fungi and symbiotic fungi as well, but have the risks of Fusarium graminearum and tobacco root rot in tobacco rice rotation system.

     

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