• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
刘小媛, 杨劲松, 姚荣江. 化肥减量配施黄腐酸降低盐渍农田NaCl含量提高氮磷养分有效性的协同效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(8): 1339-1350. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021030
引用本文: 刘小媛, 杨劲松, 姚荣江. 化肥减量配施黄腐酸降低盐渍农田NaCl含量提高氮磷养分有效性的协同效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(8): 1339-1350. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021030
LIU Xiao-yuan, YANG Jin-song, YAO Rong-jiang. Synergistic effects of fertilizer reduction and fulvic acid application on decreasing NaCl content and N, P availability of salinized soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(8): 1339-1350. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021030
Citation: LIU Xiao-yuan, YANG Jin-song, YAO Rong-jiang. Synergistic effects of fertilizer reduction and fulvic acid application on decreasing NaCl content and N, P availability of salinized soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(8): 1339-1350. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021030

化肥减量配施黄腐酸降低盐渍农田NaCl含量提高氮磷养分有效性的协同效应

Synergistic effects of fertilizer reduction and fulvic acid application on decreasing NaCl content and N, P availability of salinized soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 土壤盐渍化以及肥料过量施用严重限制着黄河三角洲盐渍化地区农业的可持续发展。综合分析氮、磷肥优化减量及其与黄腐酸配施对盐渍农田土壤肥力、冬小麦产量以及养分吸收利用的影响,可为该区盐渍农田化肥减施增效提供理论依据。
    方法 以黄河三角洲中度盐土pH 7.73、电导率 (EC) 1.18 dS/m为研究对象进行室内盆栽试验,试验设5个施肥水平,分别为常规氮磷肥用量 (N100P100)、氮肥常规用量的85% (N85P100)、氮肥常规用量的70% (N70P100)、磷肥常规用量的85% (P85N100)、磷肥常规用量的70% (P70N100);每个处理下又分为添加、不添加黄腐酸 (H) 两个处理,并且以不施肥料和黄腐酸的处理为对照(CK) ,共11个处理。在冬小麦苗期和收获期,分别采集0—10 和10—20 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤有效磷、硝态氮、EC、pH和盐分离子组成。在收获期,测定冬小麦籽粒产量、全氮及全磷含量。
    结果 化肥减量配施黄腐酸处理降低了冬小麦苗期和收获期0—10 cm土层硝态氮含量,提高了收获期10—20 cm土层硝态氮含量。0—10 cm土层土壤有效磷含量随着氮肥施用量的增加呈现降低的趋势。随着施氮量的增加,土壤溶液EC、Na+、Ca2+、Cl含量增加,而Mg2+含量减少。与N100P100相比,N85P100、N70P100、P85N100、P70N100处理下的土壤Na+含量分别降低了29.74%、55.84%、28.62%和43.25%,Cl含量分别降低了37.68%、43.81%、26.11%和14.53%。与相同养分量处理相比,N100P100+H、N85P100+H、N70P100+H、P85N100+H、P70N100+H处理下的Na+含量分别下降了64.63%、31.20%、5.14%、32.66%、30.59%,Cl含量分别下降了66.74%、55.07%、35.93%、53.56%、70.44%。处理N85P100、N70P100、P85N100、P70N100的冬小麦产量与N100P100没有显著差异,N70P100+H和P85N100+H的冬小麦产量显著高于N70P100和P85N100。氮、磷素吸收效率均随着氮肥施用量的增加而减少,与N100P100相比,N85P100、N70P100处理下的氮素吸收效率分别提高11.22%、29.37%。与单施化肥处理相比,化肥减量配施黄腐酸处理均能够提高冬小麦产量、氮、磷素吸收效率和偏生产力。通过相关分析发现,土壤盐分是降低作物产量的直接原因,其中,Na+、Cl和EC与氮素吸收效率、偏生产力及磷素吸收效率、偏生产力呈显著负相关。
    结论 黄河三角洲盐渍农田的主要盐分是NaCl,Na+、Cl含量决定着EC值,与氮素吸收效率、偏生产力及磷素吸收效率、偏生产力呈显著负相关。化肥减量可显著减少土壤盐分含量,配施黄腐酸能够显著降低土壤中的Na+和Cl含量,缓解盐碱胁迫对作物的影响,提高冬小麦产量、氮、磷素吸收效率和偏生产力。减施氮肥能够提高冬小麦苗期和收获期0—10 cm土层的有效磷含量,减施氮肥30%时的土壤有效磷含量高于减施氮15%和常规施氮量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Salinization restricts the sustainable development of agriculture in the Yellow River Delta. The combined effects of fulvic acid and chemical fertilizer reduction on soil desalination and winter wheat yield were studied.
    Methods A pot experiment was conducted in a moderately saline-alkaline soil (pH 7.73, EC 1.18 dS/m). The treatments were composed of conventional N and P fertilizer rate (N100P100), and reduced N or P rate as N85P100, N70P100, P85N100, and P70N100, and the treatments combined with addition of 10 kg/hm2 of fulvic acid (H). At the seedling and harvest stages of winter wheat, soil samples at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths were collected to determine the contents of available P, NO3-N, EC, pH, and ion composition. The wheat yield, N and P contents were determined at harvest.
    Results Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with fulvic acid treatments decreased 0–10 cm soil NO3-N content at seedling and harvest stages, but increased 10–20 cm soil NO3-N content at harvest stage. Soil available P decreased with increasing nitrogen application rate at 0–10 cm soil depth. With increased rate of N application, soil salt, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl contents increased, while Mg2+ content decreased. Compared with N100P100, N85P100, N70P100, P85N100 and P70N100 treatments decreased soil Na+ contents by 29.74%, 55.84%, 28.62% and 43.25%, decreased Cl content by 37.68%, 43.81%, 26.11% and 14.53%. Compared with the same chemical N and P rate treatments, N100P100+H, N85P100+H, N70P100+H, P85N100+H and P70N100+H decreased Na+ contents by 64.63%, 31.20%, 5.14%, 32.66%, and 30.59%, decreased Clcontents by 66.74%, 55.07%, 35.93%, 53.56%, and 70.44%. The yield increase in N70P100+H, P85N100+H were significantly higher than those in N70P100, P85N100. Compared with N100P100, the N uptake efficiency of N85P100 and N70P100 increased by 11.22% and 29.37%, chemical fertilizer reduction with fulvic acid treatments improved uptake efficiency and partial factor productivity of N and P. Through correlation analysis, soil salinity was the direct reason of yield decrease. Na+, Cl and EC were significantly and negatively correlated with uptake efficiency and partial factor productivity of N and P.
    Conclusions The main salt is NaCl in moderately salinized soil of Yellow River Delta. The Na+, Cl contents determine the EC value of soil, and negatively correlated with nutrient efficiency and partial productivity. Reducing N and P application rate could significantly decrease soil salt content, and increase the available P content in 0–10 cm soil. Their combination with application of fulvic acid further decrease the Na+ and Cl contents, alleviate salt stress to crop, increase N and P uptake by winter wheat. Reducing 30% of nitrogen leads to higher soil available P and lower soil EC value than normal and 15% less of nitrogen rate.

     

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