• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
马悦, 田怡, 于杰, 王浩琳, 李永华, 李超, 党海燕, 牟文燕, 黄宁, 邱炜红, 石美, 王朝辉, 何刚. 北方麦区土壤有效磷阈值及小麦产量、籽粒氮磷钾含量对监控施肥的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1675-1691. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021109
引用本文: 马悦, 田怡, 于杰, 王浩琳, 李永华, 李超, 党海燕, 牟文燕, 黄宁, 邱炜红, 石美, 王朝辉, 何刚. 北方麦区土壤有效磷阈值及小麦产量、籽粒氮磷钾含量对监控施肥的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(10): 1675-1691. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021109
MA Yue, TIAN Yi, YU Jie, WANG Hao-lin, LI Yong-hua, LI Chao, DANG Hai-yan, MU Wen-yan, HUANG Ning, QIU Wei-hong, SHI Mei, WANG Zhao-hui, HE Gang. Threshhold of soil available P and the response of wheat yield and grain N, P, and K concentrations to test-integrated fertilizer application in the northern wheat production region of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1675-1691. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021109
Citation: MA Yue, TIAN Yi, YU Jie, WANG Hao-lin, LI Yong-hua, LI Chao, DANG Hai-yan, MU Wen-yan, HUANG Ning, QIU Wei-hong, SHI Mei, WANG Zhao-hui, HE Gang. Threshhold of soil available P and the response of wheat yield and grain N, P, and K concentrations to test-integrated fertilizer application in the northern wheat production region of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(10): 1675-1691. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021109

北方麦区土壤有效磷阈值及小麦产量、籽粒氮磷钾含量对监控施肥的响应

Threshhold of soil available P and the response of wheat yield and grain N, P, and K concentrations to test-integrated fertilizer application in the northern wheat production region of China

  • 摘要:
      目的  分析我国北方麦区不同土壤有效磷水平下,监控施肥后小麦籽粒产量与养分吸收利用变化,为保证减施磷肥后小麦的丰产、优质、绿色生产提供理论依据。
      方法  于2018—2020年在我国北方麦区49个地点进行了田间试验。所有试验均设农户施肥(FF)、监控施肥(RF)和监控无磷(RF-P) 3个处理,监控施肥的磷(P2O5)肥用量较农户施肥平均减少60 kg/hm2,相当于减少了46%。在小麦成熟期调查了土壤不同磷素水平下,小麦产量、产量构成、籽粒氮磷钾含量,并计算了磷素养分吸收利用率;在小麦收获期,采样测定土壤有效氮磷钾含量。
      结果  当土壤有效磷<15 mg/kg时,小麦产量最低,为5155 kg/hm2;当土壤有效磷在25~30 mg/kg时,产量达到最高,为7217 kg/hm2;有效磷过高并不能持续提高小麦产量,反而因穗数、千粒重低导致产量降低。土壤有效磷<15、15~20、20~25、25~30和>30 mg/kg时,监控施肥处理小麦产量与农户施肥处理相比差异虽然未达显著水平,但小麦的磷肥吸收效率与磷肥偏生产力平均分别为1.03和104.7 kg/kg,分别较农户处理显著提高了119.6%和112.2%,籽粒氮磷钾含量与农户施肥处理相比无显著差异。当土壤有效磷<15 mg/kg,或速效钾达171和200 mg/kg、有效磷为15~20和>30 mg/kg时,不施磷肥小麦显著减产;但土壤速效钾为147和158 mg/kg、有效磷在20~25和25~30 mg/kg时,不施磷肥不减产。土壤有效磷含量越高,小麦籽粒平均氮含量越低、磷含量越高,籽粒平均钾含量在有效磷为20~25 mg/kg时达到最高。
      结论  在北方麦区,过高的土壤有效磷含量有降低小麦氮素营养的风险,适当降低磷肥用量在保证产量的同时,还可大幅提高磷肥的利用率。土壤有效磷维持在20~30 mg/kg时,减施或不施磷肥依然可以实现小麦高产,但若速效钾>170 mg/kg时不施磷肥小麦有减产风险。因此,应基于对小麦目标产量、籽粒养分含量和土壤有效磷钾的监控,确定合理的磷肥用量,实现北方麦区化肥减施,小麦稳产提质增效和绿色生产。

     

    Abstract:
      Objectives  We studied the changes in wheat grain yield and NPK concentration due to test-integrated P application at different soil available P levels. The study aims to provide information on the efficient and green production of wheat.
      Methods  Wheat field experiments were conducted in 49 locations in China’s northern wheat production region from 2018 to 2020. The treatments were farmers’ fertilizer application rate (FF), recommended P fertilizer application rate (RF), and using test-integrated fertilizer application, and no P application (RF-P). The P2O5 rate in RF was reduced by 60 kg/hm2, corresponding to 46% lower than the rate in FF. The grain yield, yield components, grain N, P, and K concentration, and P uptake and utilization by wheat were analyzed under different soil available P levels. Soil samples were collected at harvest stage of wheat to measure available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in soil
      Results  The minimum grain yield (5155 kg/hm2) was recorded when soil available P was lower than 15 mg/kg, and the maximum (7217 kg/hm2) was observed at 25–30 mg/kg P in the soil. Higher soil available P did not increase grain yield sustainability. The observed reduction in grain yield was due to a significant decline in spike number and 1000-grain weight. Across the soil available P levels: <15, 15–20, 20–25, 25–30, and >30 mg/kg, the wheat yield in RF was similar to FF. However, P fertilizer uptake efficiency (1.03 kg/kg) and P partial factor productivity (104.7 kg/kg) significantly increased by 119.6% and 112.2% in RF compared to FF. Grain N, P, and K concentrations were similar in FF and RF. When the soil available P was <15 mg/kg, 15–20 mg/kg, and >30 mg/kg, readily available K was 156, 171, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Wheat yield significantly decreased without P application. However, no yield reduction was observed when soil available P was 20–25 and 25-30 mg/kg with 147 and 158 mg/kg soil readily available K. An increase in the soil available P led to a corresponding increase in grain P concentration and a decrease in grain N concentration. The grain K concentration reached the highest value when available P was 20–25 mg/kg.
      Conclusions  In northern China, high soil available P may deteriorate the N nutrition of wheat. Reducing P fertilizer rate could promote wheat yield and increase fertilizer P efficiency. 20–30 mg/kg soil available P is suitable for enhancing high wheat yield under reduced or no P application. Wheat yield may decline without P fertilization when soil available K is higher than 170 kg/hm2. Therefore, the P fertilizer application rate should be recommended based on the target of wheat yield, grain nutrient concentration, and soil available P and K. This could help rationalize fertilizer application, stabilize yield, improve quality, efficiency and green agricultural production of wheat in northern China.

     

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