• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
邹振浩, 沈晨, 李鑫, 张丽平, 张兰, 韩文炎, 颜鹏. 我国茶园氮肥利用和损失现状分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 153-160. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20231
引用本文: 邹振浩, 沈晨, 李鑫, 张丽平, 张兰, 韩文炎, 颜鹏. 我国茶园氮肥利用和损失现状分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 153-160. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20231
ZOU Zhen-hao, SHEN Chen, LI Xin, ZHANG Li-ping, ZHANG Lan, HAN Wen-yan, YAN Peng. Status quo of nitrogen fertilizer application and loss in tea garden of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 153-160. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20231
Citation: ZOU Zhen-hao, SHEN Chen, LI Xin, ZHANG Li-ping, ZHANG Lan, HAN Wen-yan, YAN Peng. Status quo of nitrogen fertilizer application and loss in tea garden of China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 153-160. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20231

我国茶园氮肥利用和损失现状分析

Status quo of nitrogen fertilizer application and loss in tea garden of China

  • 摘要:
    目的 茶树是多年生叶用作物,对氮肥的需求量较大,施用氮肥是提高茶叶产量的主要措施之一。但过量施用氮肥不仅降低茶叶的氮肥利用率,还会带来环境风险。明确我国茶园氮肥施用状况和氮肥主要损失途径,为茶园合理施用氮肥,降低氮肥损失提供科学依据。
    方法 以茶园、氮肥利用和损失为关键词,在中国知网和Web of Science筛选相关文献。分析计算了不同施氮量下的茶叶产量、氮肥农学利用率以及氮肥偏生产力,并比较了这些指标在2000年前后的差异。同时分析茶园无机氮 (铵态氮和硝态氮) 淋失、氨挥发、反硝化 (N2O排放) 等损失量与氮肥施用量之间的关系。
    结果 我国茶园施用氮肥的平均增产率为41.7%,氮肥农学效率为8.1 kg/kg,氮肥偏生产力为31.4 kg/kg。与2000年前相比,2000年后茶园施氮增产率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力的平均值均呈现下降趋势。在茶园氮肥损失方面,无机氮 (铵态氮和硝态氮) 淋洗和氨挥发为主要的氮素损失途径,其中淋洗损失量为186.8 kg/hm2,占氮肥施用量的33.9%;氨挥发损失量为48.8 kg/hm2,占氮肥施用量的15.1%;反硝化 (N2O排放) 损失量为16.7 kg/hm2,占氮肥施用量的3.6%。
    结论 我国茶园氮肥农学效率较低,而且呈不断下降的趋势。茶园氮素损失以无机氮 (铵态氮和硝态氮) 淋洗和氨挥发为主,而且随着施氮量的增加不断上升。因此,为实现我国茶园长期绿色可持续发展,必须优化氮肥管理,降低氮肥损失,以提高氮肥利用率。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Tea plant is a perennial leaf crop, and requires a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield and qulity of tea product, so excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is common in tea production, which would possibly cause low nitrogen utilization efficiency and water and air pollution. This paper aims to investigate the nitrogen use amount in tea plantations, and sort out the main path of nitrogen loss, and propose available measurement for the control of the nitrogen loss.
    Methods Nitrogen use, loss and tea garden were used as key words, we searched and screened the published literatures on CNKI and Web of Science. And then we summarized the tea yield, nitrogrn agronomic efficiency (NAE) and partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen (PFPN) under different application amounts of nitrogen fertilizers in tea garden, and compared their differences before and after 2000. The contribution of different N loss paths were calculated.
    Results In the tea garden of China, the yield increase rate of N fertilization was averaged 41.7%, the NAE was 8.1 kg/kg, and the PFPN was 31.4 kg/kg. Both the NAE and PFPN before and after 2000 showed a downward trend. The N loss caused by ammonium and nitrate nitrogen leaching, ammonia volatilization and denitrification (N2O emission) were 186.8, 48.8 and 16.7 kg/hm2, and accounting for 33.9%, 15.1% and 3.6% of N application rate.
    Conclusions Nitrogen use efficiency of tea garden in China is low, but its partial productivity is as high as 31.4 kg/kg, so nitrogen application is still necessary for high yield and efficient tea production, although the nitrogen use efficiency is going down after 2000. The loss of applied nitrogen is mainly caused by leaching of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen and the volatilization of ammonia in tea garden. Therefore, optimization of nitrogen management is the key measurement to reduce nitrogen loss and improve nitrogen utilization rate.

     

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