• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
侯云鹏, 孔丽丽, 尹彩侠, 李前, 王立春, 徐新朋. 覆膜滴灌下氮肥与种植密度互作对东北春玉米产量、群体养分吸收与转运的调控效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 54-65. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20233
引用本文: 侯云鹏, 孔丽丽, 尹彩侠, 李前, 王立春, 徐新朋. 覆膜滴灌下氮肥与种植密度互作对东北春玉米产量、群体养分吸收与转运的调控效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 54-65. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20233
HOU Yun-peng, KONG Li-li, YIN Cai-xia, LI Qian, WANG Li-chun, XU Xin-peng. Interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on nutrient absorption, translocation and yield of spring maize under drip irrigation in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 54-65. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20233
Citation: HOU Yun-peng, KONG Li-li, YIN Cai-xia, LI Qian, WANG Li-chun, XU Xin-peng. Interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on nutrient absorption, translocation and yield of spring maize under drip irrigation in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 54-65. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20233

覆膜滴灌下氮肥与种植密度互作对东北春玉米产量、群体养分吸收与转运的调控效应

Interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on nutrient absorption, translocation and yield of spring maize under drip irrigation in Northeast China

  • 摘要:
    目的 合适的氮肥用量和种植密度是提高东北玉米产量和效益的关键。研究覆膜滴灌条件下氮肥用量、种植密度及其互作对春玉米产量、养分吸收转运及利用效率的影响,以期为东北半干旱区春玉米高产高效栽培提供理论依据。
    方法 2016—2017年,在吉林省西部半干旱区乾安县开展田间试验,以紧凑型玉米品种农华101为供试材料,在覆膜滴灌条件下,分别设置氮肥用量 (0、140、210、280和350 kg/hm2,分别以N0、N140、N210、N280和N350表示) 和种植密度 (6.0 × 104、7.5 × 104和9.0 × 104株/hm2,分别以D1、D2和D3表示) 2个因子,分析不同处理玉米地上部群体养分积累动态、转运与分配特征、产量及氮肥利用效率。
    结果 适当施氮和增加种植密度均可显著增加玉米产量,且玉米产量随施氮水平和种植密度的增加呈先增后降趋势,以D2和N210条件下玉米产量最高。在相同种植密度下,玉米苗期至开花期群体氮、磷、钾积累量均随施氮水平的增加而增加,而在灌浆期至成熟期则表现为随施氮水平的增加先增后降。在相同施氮水平下,玉米群体氮、磷、钾积累量均以D2密度下最高。不同施氮量与种植密度组合中,以D2和N210条件下玉米成熟期群体氮、磷、钾积累量最高。与不施氮肥处理相比,施氮提高了玉米开花后氮、磷、钾积累量占总生育期积累量比例,并随施氮水平的增加先增后降,而不同种植密度间玉米开花后氮、磷、钾积累量占总生育期积累量比例差异未达显著水平 (P > 0.05)。玉米养分转运量随施氮水平和种植密度的增加先增后降,以D2和N210条件下玉米养分转运量最高,而不同种植密度间养分转运率、转运养分对籽粒的贡献率和花后积累养分对籽粒的贡献率均无显著性差异。随施氮水平的增加,不同种植密度下氮素吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力均呈下降趋势,其中D2密度下氮素吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力维持在较高水平。相关分析结果表明,玉米开花前后氮、磷、钾素积累量与籽粒产量均呈显著或极显著正相关 (r = 0.6250~0.9224),其中开花后氮、磷、钾积累量与产量的相关性高于开花前。
    结论 合理的种植密度和施氮水平提高了玉米花后养分积累与分配比例,促进养分转运量和花后积累养分对籽粒贡献率的协同提高,进而提高了玉米产量和氮肥利用效率。综合考虑玉米产量、养分积累与转运及氮素利用效率等因素,在东北半干旱区覆膜滴灌条件下,以种植密度为75000株/hm2,施氮量为210 kg/hm2较为适宜。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives An optimum interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and plant density is pertinent to increasing the growth and productivity of maize in Northeast China. This study aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen application rate, plant density and their interaction on maize yield, nutrient absorption, translocation and utilization efficiency under drip irrigation and plastic mulching condition. The research could provide theoretical basis for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of spring maize in semi-arid region of Northeast China.
    Methods The field experiment was conducted using compact ‘Nonghua101’maize cultivar in Qian’an County of western Jilin Province in 2016 and 2017. The nitrogen rates included 0, 140, 210, 280 and 350 kg/hm2 (N0, N140, N210, N280 and N350, respectively) and plant densities were 6.0 × 104, 7.5 × 104 and 9.0 × 104 plants/hm2 (D1, D2 and D3 respectively). The dynamics of aboveground nutrient accumulation, the characteristics of translocation and distribution, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under different treatrments were analyzed.
    Results The results showed that maize yield firstly increased and later decreased with increasing N- application rate and plant density. The highest yield was obtained from D2 under nitrogen rate of N210. Under the same plant density, the accumulation of N, P and K increased from seedling stage to flowering stage, however, it increased initially and then declined from filling to mature stage with increasing nitrogen application rate. Accumulated N, P and K of maize were highest in D2 × N210. Compared with no nitrogen treatment, maize N, P and K proportion after flowering stage was increased first, however they later decreased with increasing N-rate, but there was no significant differences in the trends under different plant density. Nutrient translocation amount of maize firstly increased but later decreased with increasing N application rate and plant density, and it was highest in D2 × N210. There was no significant difference in nutrient translocation rate, contribution rate of translocated nutrient and contribution rate of accumulated nutrient after flowering stage under different plant density. The N-utilization efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity decreased with increased rate of applied nitrogen at varied plant density, with the highest values obtained under D2. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between yield and the amounts of N, P and K accumulated was significant or highly significant (r = 0.6250−0.9224) around flowering stage, whereas the values after flowering stage were higher than those before the flowering stage.
    Conclusions The reasonable plant density and nitrogen application level enhance the proportions of nutrient accumulation and distribution after flowering stage of maize, promote nutrient translocation amount and contribution rate of accumulation nutrients after flowering stage synergistically, improve yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize. Considering maize yield, nutrient accumulation and translocation, and nitrogen utilization efficiency under drip irrigation system and mulching condition, the plant density of 75000 plants/hm2 and nitrogen application rate of 210 kg/hm2 are optimum in semi-arid region of Northeast China.

     

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