• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
黄少辉, 杨云马, 侯亮, 刘迎夏, 宋大利, 杨军芳, 何萍, 贾良良. 基于Nufer模型的京津冀农牧系统氮素平衡状况及化学氮肥减施潜力分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 12-23. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20282
引用本文: 黄少辉, 杨云马, 侯亮, 刘迎夏, 宋大利, 杨军芳, 何萍, 贾良良. 基于Nufer模型的京津冀农牧系统氮素平衡状况及化学氮肥减施潜力分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 12-23. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20282
HUANG Shao-hui, YANG Yun-ma, HOU Liang, LIU Ying-xia, SONG Da-li, YANG Jun-fang, HE Ping, JIA Liang-liang. Nitrogen balance and potential reduction of nitrogen fertilizer input in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei crop-livestock system based on Nufer model[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 12-23. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20282
Citation: HUANG Shao-hui, YANG Yun-ma, HOU Liang, LIU Ying-xia, SONG Da-li, YANG Jun-fang, HE Ping, JIA Liang-liang. Nitrogen balance and potential reduction of nitrogen fertilizer input in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei crop-livestock system based on Nufer model[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 12-23. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20282

基于Nufer模型的京津冀农牧系统氮素平衡状况及化学氮肥减施潜力分析

Nitrogen balance and potential reduction of nitrogen fertilizer input in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei crop-livestock system based on Nufer model

  • 摘要:
    目的  明确京津冀地区农牧系统氮素流动及平衡特征,解析化学氮肥减施潜力,从而为该地区化肥零增长和农业绿色发展提供依据。
    方法  通过收集文献数据及2017年统计数据,采用Nufer (nutrient flows in food chain, environment and resources use) 模型,以“农田–畜牧”系统为研究对象,量化京津冀地区农牧系统氮素流动特征及利用效率,并针对输入输出平衡施氮和增加畜禽粪便还田量替代化肥两种措施,通过情景分析评估该地区化学氮肥减施潜力。
    结果  京津冀地区农田系统和畜牧系统氮素输入量分别为296.1万t和133.6万t,农牧系统氮素总体输入量为306.6万t,其中化学氮肥是最大的输入项,占总输入量的62.5%。农田系统、畜牧系统氮素利用率分别为40.6%和25.0%,农牧系统整体氮素利用率为33.8%,农牧系统氮素循环再利用率为55.2%,生产单位氮含量食物产品所需氮素投入量为3.0 kg/kg。在该地区,土壤氮素累积量为51.2万t (占总输入量的16.7%),环境排放总量为140.4万t (占总输入量的45.8%)。环境排放中,氨挥发 (包括农田和畜禽粪便氨挥发)和畜禽粪便水体排放与堆置为占比最大的两种损失途径,分别占总氮投入量的21.0%和9.5%。氮素土壤累积和畜禽粪便水体排放与堆置为两种最易调控的损失途径。通过输入输出平衡降低氮素土壤累积量,此地区有40%的氮肥减施潜力,此时,农牧系统氮素总投入量为230.0万t,农田和农牧系统氮素利用率分别较当前增加14.1和11.3个百分点;继续优化氮素管理,增加部分畜禽粪便还田量 (减少水体排放与堆置部分) 以替代化肥,则该地区有50%的氮肥减施潜力,且在此状态下,农牧系统氮素总投入量为210.8万t,较当前降低31.2%,农田系统和农牧系统氮素利用率分别增加15.3和15.4个百分点,氮素环境排放量降低36.2%,氮素循环再利用率增加20.0%,食物氮代价降低33.3%。
    结论  化学氮肥施用量大,农牧分离是京津冀地区农牧系统氮素利用效率低的主要原因。在农牧系统氮素管理中,通过平衡作物生产中的氮素投入,系统氮素投入的减少潜力为40%。如果能进一步合理利用有机资源,增加畜禽粪便还田率,化学氮肥减施的总潜力可达50%,并可提高氮素利用效率,有效降低氮素的环境排放总量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives  This research aims to examine the nitrogen (N) flow and balance characteristics of crop-livestock system in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, and analyze the potential reduction of chemical N fertilizer application. This study could provide a theoretical basis for zero growth of chemical fertilizer inputs and the sustainable agricultural development in the region.
    Methods  Using literature data and statistical data of 2017, the N flow characteristics and N-use efficiency (NUE) of crop-livestock system in the BTH region was quantified through Nufer (nutrient flows in food chain, environment and resources use) model. The reduction potential of chemical N fertilizer use in this region was evaluated by scenario analysis via two measures of N balance and manure substitution.
    Results  The N input in crop and livestock systems of BTH region were 2961 and 1336 thousand tons, respectively. The total N input of the crop-livestock system in BTH region was 3066 thousand tons and chemical N fertilizer was the highest contributor (62.5%). The NUE in crop and livestock systems were 40.6% and 25.0%, respectively, while the overall NUE of the crop-livestock system was 33.8%. The N recycling rate (NRR) of crop-livestock system was 55.2%, while cost of N for producing food containing a unit N (NCf) was 3.0 g/kg. The soil N accumulation was 51.2 × 104 t (16.7% of the total N input), and the total N emission was 140.4 × 104 t (45.8% of the total N input). The two main pathways of the total N emission included ammonia volatilization in field and livestock manure, and the N loss via water and livestock manure stacking, and accounted for 21.0% and 9.5% of the total N input, respectively. These two pathways were mostly managed for N emission reduction. By balancing N input and output to decrease N accumulation in farmland, there would be a 40% potential reduction, total N input in crop-livestock system would be decreased to 230.0 × 104 t, and NUEs of crop and crop-livestock systems would increase by 14.1 and 11.3 percentage points, respectively. By further optimizing N management via increase in the N input from livestock manure, which reduced N loss via water and manure stacking at the same time, the potential reduction could be as high as 50%. Thus, the total N input of crop-livestock system would be 31.2% lower than the current level; the NUEs of crop and crop-livestock systems would increase by 15.3% and 15.4%, respectively; the total N emission would decrease by 36.2%; the N recycling rate would increase by 20.0%, and the NCf would decrease by 33.3%.
    Conclusions  The heavy application of chemical N fertilizers and the separation of crop and livestock systems are the main causes of the relatively low NUE and high N emission in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. By balancing the N input and output in crop system to reduce soil N accumulation, the potential reduction of N input in crop-livestock system would be 40%. Further optimization of N management by increasing the rate of returning livestock manure to the field would raise the potential reduction of N input to 50%, increase NUE, and decrease total N emission in the whole region.

     

/

返回文章
返回