• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
刘娜, 马旭东, 慕君, 范庭, 王旭东. 不同类型有机物料的有机磷组成及生物有效性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(3): 440-449. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20302
引用本文: 刘娜, 马旭东, 慕君, 范庭, 王旭东. 不同类型有机物料的有机磷组成及生物有效性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(3): 440-449. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20302
LIU Na, MA Xu-dong, MU Jun, FAN Ting, WANG Xu-dong. The composition of organic phosphorus and bioavailability of different organic materials[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(3): 440-449. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20302
Citation: LIU Na, MA Xu-dong, MU Jun, FAN Ting, WANG Xu-dong. The composition of organic phosphorus and bioavailability of different organic materials[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(3): 440-449. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20302

不同类型有机物料的有机磷组成及生物有效性

The composition of organic phosphorus and bioavailability of different organic materials

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究不同有机物料的有机磷组成及其作为磷源施用后的供磷能力,为化肥磷的有机替代奠定理论基础。
    方法 供试有机物料包括粪肥类 (猪粪、羊粪)、绿肥类 (豌豆、苜蓿和绿豆)、秸秆类 (小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和油菜秸秆)。分析了8种有机物料的全磷、有机磷含量和C/P值,采用Bowman-Cole方法测定了有机磷中的活性 (LOP)、中活性 (MLOP)、中稳性 (MROP) 和高稳性有机磷 (HROP) 4个组分的含量。用供试的8种有机物料进行了小麦盆栽试验,分析了土壤速效磷含量、小麦吸磷量与不同有机物料的有机磷组成、碳/磷 (C/P) 值之间的关系。
    结果 粪肥、绿肥和秸秆中的全磷含量分别为5.49~5.52、1.19~2.59、0.57~1.07 g/kg,有机物料中有机磷含量占全磷的比例在31.3%~55.2%,除绿豆秸秆外,有机磷含量小于无机磷。有机磷中LOP、MLOP、MROP和HROP的平均比例分别为8.5%、45.2%、41.5%和4.9%。LOP平均含量以粪肥类 (175.5 mg/kg) > 绿肥类 (67.03 mg/kg) > 秸秆类 (25.8 mg/kg);以猪粪、绿豆秸秆的MLOP含量相对较高;MROP含量羊粪 > 猪粪 > 苜蓿秸秆 > 绿豆秸秆 > 豌豆秸秆 > 玉米秸秆 > 油菜秸秆 > 小麦秸秆;HROP在粪肥中的含量显著高于其他类型物料。施用绿肥和粪肥显著增加了小麦的吸磷量和生物学产量,而施用秸秆则不同程度降低了小麦的吸磷量和生物学产量。小麦吸磷量与土壤速效磷含量呈线性正相关关系,与有机物料C/P值呈极显著负相关关系,与LOP、MLOP、MROP呈极显著正相关关系,与HROP相关性不显著;土壤速效磷与有机物料C/P值呈负相关关系。
    结论 供试有机物料中的全磷含量以粪肥类 > 绿肥类 > 秸秆类,无机磷含量均大于有机磷含量 (绿豆秸秆除外),有机磷以中活性和中稳性有机磷为主。绿肥类和粪肥类物料中含磷量高、且C/P值较低,作为肥料使用能显著增加土壤速效磷含量、小麦生物学产量和吸磷量,可以有效替代一定比例的磷肥。而秸秆类有机物料含磷量较低,且C/P值较高,不适宜作为化肥磷的有机替代物料。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study investigated the organic P composition of different organic materials and their P supply capacity as P sources, providing theoretical and data reference for the organic substitutions of P fertilizer.
    Methods A wheat pot experiment was carried out, the used organic materials included manures (pig manure, sheep manure), legumes (pea, alfalfa, mung bean), straws (wheat straw, maize straw, rape straw). The total and organic P contents and the C/P ratio in the eight materials were analyzed, and the organic P was fractioned into labile organic P (LOP), medium-labile organic P (MLOP), medium-stable organic P (MROP) and high-stable organic P (HROP) via the Bowman and Cole methods. The wheat P uptake, soil available P content were determined.
    Results The total P content in manures, legumes and straws were 5.49–5.52 g/kg, 1.19–2.59 g/kg and 0.57–1.07 g/kg respectively, the proportion of organic P was in range of 31.3%–55.2%. Except mung bean stalks, the organic P contents in all the tested organic materials were lower than inorganic P contents. In the total organic P, the average proportions of LOP, MLOP, MROP, HROP were 8.5%, 45.2%, 41.5% and 4.9%, respectively. The LOP content was in the order of manures (175.5 mg/kg) > legumes (67.03 mg/kg) > straws (25.8 mg/kg). The MLOP contents were relatively high in pig manure and mung bean straw. The MROP content was significantly different and in order of sheep manure > pig manure > alfalfa > mung bean > pea > maize straw > rape straw > wheat straw; The HROP content in manures was significantly higher than that in the other organic materials. The application of legumes and manures significantly increased the P uptake and biological yield of wheat, but application of straws significantly reduced them. The P uptake of wheat was positively correlated with soil available P content, negatively correlated with the C/P ratio of organic materials, and positively correlated with the LOP, MLOP and MROP of organic materials, not correlated with HROP contents. The content of soil available P was negatively correlated with the C/P of organic materials.
    Conclusions In all the tested organic materials in this experiment, the total P content is in order of manures > legumes > straws, and the organic P content is lower than inorganic P, except mung bean stalks. Medium liable and medium stable P (MLOP and MROP) are the two main fractions in the organic P. Legumes and manures have relatively high P content and relatively low C/P ratio, their application could increase soil available P, so can be used to replace a certain ratio of chemical P fertilizer. While straws have low P content and high C/P ratio, so the bioavailability of P is low, not suitable for use as part of P fertilizer.

     

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