• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
郭斗斗, 张珂珂, 王柏寒, 宋晓, 张水清, 岳克, 黄绍敏. 潮土累积磷的供磷能力及其有效磷消耗特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(6): 949-956. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20490
引用本文: 郭斗斗, 张珂珂, 王柏寒, 宋晓, 张水清, 岳克, 黄绍敏. 潮土累积磷的供磷能力及其有效磷消耗特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(6): 949-956. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20490
GUO Dou-dou, ZHANG Ke-ke, WANG Bo-han, SONG Xiao, ZHANG Shui-qing, YUE Ke, HUANG Shao-min. Supply capacity and depletion characteristics of accumulated phosphorus in fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(6): 949-956. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20490
Citation: GUO Dou-dou, ZHANG Ke-ke, WANG Bo-han, SONG Xiao, ZHANG Shui-qing, YUE Ke, HUANG Shao-min. Supply capacity and depletion characteristics of accumulated phosphorus in fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(6): 949-956. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20490

潮土累积磷的供磷能力及其有效磷消耗特征

Supply capacity and depletion characteristics of accumulated phosphorus in fluvo-aquic soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 长期过量施肥极大地提升了土壤中磷的累积量。研究土壤累积磷的有效性及其消耗特征,可为发掘土壤中的磷资源,保持土壤磷肥力的可持续性提供理论基础。
    方法 依托“国家潮土肥力与肥料效益长期监测站”26年的长期定位试验,从中选取5个磷地力水平地块,其土壤基础Olsen-P含量分别为1.2、14.3、27.6、55.4、72.3 mg/kg,依次记为L1、L2、L3、L4、L5,设置微区试验。从2016年6月开始,只施用氮、钾肥,不施磷肥,连续进行了3年6季玉米小麦轮作种植。调查6季作物产量、土壤供磷能力,分析Olsen-P的消耗量及变化规律。
    结果 潮土磷地力水平从L1提高到L2和L3时玉米和小麦产量快速增加,超过相应磷地力水平后,继续提升磷地力水平对增产贡献不大,L1、L2、L4、L5地块6季总产量分别是L3地块的37.4%、82.8%、104.7%和102.3%。相比玉米,小麦对土壤磷的需求更高。保障小麦-玉米高产所需的年供磷 (P) 量为203.2 kg/hm2;供磷能力低的L1、L2、L3地块总供磷量分别是高产所需供磷量的19.2%、65.4%和94.9%。基础磷地力超过L3地块水平,基本可保障小麦-玉米连续6季获得较高产量的供磷能力。每生产100 kg小麦籽粒和玉米籽粒作物吸磷 (P) 量分别为0.48和0.34 kg。在小麦玉米轮作体系下,Olsen-P的季消耗速率与土壤Olsen-P含量呈极显著线性关系 (y = 0.1219x−0.1557,R2 = 0.9894**),L5、L4、L3、L2磷地力水平地块每季Olsen-P的消耗量分别为8.37、7.06、3.03、1.59 mg/kg,消耗速率符合指数下降模型Y = 69.642e–0.169x,每季消耗基础Olsen-P的15.5%。
    结论 长期大量施用磷肥可以快速提升潮土有效磷含量至很高水平,但是土壤的磷地力产量达到一定水平后,作物产量不再提高。停止施磷肥后,土壤的有效磷水平呈指数下降,下降至农学阈值仅需约9.1季。停施磷肥后,土壤的供磷能力下降也很快,小麦产量在第二年 (第三季) 即显著降低。因此,持续合理的磷肥施用量是维持潮土适宜的磷地力水平,提高磷肥利用率的有效手段。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Long-term excessive fertilization greatly increased the accumulation of phosphorus in soil. Studying the availability and consumption characteristics of accumulated phosphorus resource could provide theoretical basis for exploring the phosphorus resources in soil and maintaining the sustainability of soil phosphorus fertility.
    Methods Five plots with Olsen-P content of 1.2 mg/kg (L1), 14.3 mg/kg (L2), 27.6 mg/kg (L3), 55.4 mg/kg (L4) and 72.3 mg/kg (L5) were set up in the National Long-term Monitoring Station for fluvo-aquic Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects in Yuanyang, Henan Province of China. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizer without phosphate was applied to all the five plots for three consecutive years with 6 seasons of maize-wheat rotation. Crop yields, P uptake of crops, as well as consumption and change trend of soil Olsen-P were studied.
    Results When the Olsen-P level of fluvo-aquic soil increased from low (L1) to high (L3), the yield of maize and wheat increased rapidly. The total yield of L1, L2, L4 and L5 treatments in six seasons were 37.4%, 82.8%, 104.7% and 102.3% of that of L3 treatment, respectively. Wheat was more sensitive to soil P supply than maize. The annual P requirement to ensure high yield of wheat-maize was 203.2 kg/hm2. The total P supply in L1, L2 and L3 were 19.2%, 65.4% and 94.9% of crop P requirement for high yield, respectively, and the P supply in L4 and L5 could meet the requirement. The P uptake for producing 100 kg of wheat and maize grains were 0.48 kg and 0.34 kg, respectively. Under wheat-maize rotation, the seasonal consumption of soil available P showed a significant linear relationship with Olsen-P content (y = 0.1219x−0.1557, R² = 0.9894**), the season depletion amount of Olsen-P in L5, L4, L3 and L2 plot were 8.37 mg/kg, 7.06 mg/kg, 3.03 mg/kg, and 1.59 mg/kg, respectively. The depletion process fitted the exponential equation Y = 69.642e−0.169x, which consumed 15.5% of the basic Olsen-P in each season.
    Conclusions Long-term application of phosphorus fertilizer in large quantity could lead the accumulation of available P in fluvo-aquic soil to a very high level, but the crop yield will not continue increase when the P level is beyond the high level of available P. After the cessation of phosphorus fertilization, soil available P decreases exponentially and reaches the agronomic threshold value in merely about 9.1 seasons. The availability of soil P accumulated by high-rate application of phosphorus fertilizer decreases rapidly, the wheat yield starts to decrease significantly in the second year (the third season) after cessation of phosphorus fertilizer application. Therefore, sustainable and reasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer is necessary to maintain phosphorus fertility and phosphorus fertilizer efficiency in fluvo-aquic soil.

     

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