• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
赵亚南, 徐霞, 孙笑梅, 闫军营, 黄玉芳, 叶优良. 基于GIS的河南省不同区域小麦氮磷钾推荐量与施肥配方[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(6): 938-948. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20557
引用本文: 赵亚南, 徐霞, 孙笑梅, 闫军营, 黄玉芳, 叶优良. 基于GIS的河南省不同区域小麦氮磷钾推荐量与施肥配方[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(6): 938-948. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20557
ZHAO Ya-nan, XU Xia, SUN Xiao-mei, YAN Jun-ying, HUANG Yu-fang, YE You-liang. GIS-based NPK recommendation and fertilizer formulae for wheat production in different regions of Henan Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(6): 938-948. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20557
Citation: ZHAO Ya-nan, XU Xia, SUN Xiao-mei, YAN Jun-ying, HUANG Yu-fang, YE You-liang. GIS-based NPK recommendation and fertilizer formulae for wheat production in different regions of Henan Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(6): 938-948. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20557

基于GIS的河南省不同区域小麦氮磷钾推荐量与施肥配方

GIS-based NPK recommendation and fertilizer formulae for wheat production in different regions of Henan Province

  • 摘要:
    目的 河南省是我国小麦种植大省,明确河南省不同区域小麦氮、磷、钾肥推荐用量,建立施肥配方图,对于当地小麦配方肥生产与合理施肥具有重要意义。
    方法 河南省按照地理条件划分为平原适宜区、稻麦轮作区、南部盆地区、中部丘陵区、西部山地区5个区域。本研究共收集了2829组小麦田间试验和83.71万组土壤养分数据 (1247组“3414”试验和1582组“三区示范”试验),分析了其中农民习惯施肥产量、目标产量及单位籽粒磷素需求量;根据氮肥肥效反应,计算各个区域的小麦氮肥推荐总量;根据土壤有效磷、速效钾含量与缺素区相对产量的关系,以相对产量80%、85%、90%、95%为标准,建立土壤有效磷、速效钾的丰缺指标;进一步根据“磷肥恒量监控”、“钾肥肥效反应”方法,计算各个区域的小麦磷、钾肥推荐施用量;借助ArcGIS软件,将河南省小麦氮、磷、钾肥推荐施用量图层进行叠加,换算成含量为45%的施肥配方,建立河南省不同区域的小麦施肥配方与配方图。
    结果 河南省小麦目标产量以平原适宜区最高,为8671 kg/hm2,稻麦轮作区为5950 kg/hm2,南部盆地区为7780 kg/hm2,中部丘陵区为7590 kg/hm2,西部山区为7400 kg/hm2。各区域经济最佳施氮量拟合结果,推荐施氮量以南部盆地区最高,为178 kg/hm2,其次为平原适宜区 (170 kg/hm2),稻麦轮作区为160 kg/hm2,中部丘陵和西部山地区合并调整为150 kg/hm2。依据相对产量水平,河南省土壤有效磷极低、低、中、高、极高5个丰缺指标的值为 < 10、10~15、15~24、24~37、> 37 mg/kg,速效钾为 < 80、80~105、105~140、140~180、> 180 mg/kg。将土壤丰缺指标、校正系数与目标产量、磷需求量相结合,得到土壤有效磷由高到低5个磷肥 (P2O5) 推荐水平分别为63、75、81、95、105 kg/hm2;按照速效钾含量 < 80、80~105、105~140、140~180、> 180 mg/kg,钾肥推荐量 (K2O) 分别为73、64、58、48、43 kg/hm2。在氮磷钾推荐用量基础上,建立了8个基肥+追肥配方和9个一次性基施配方,并建立了河南不同区域的施肥配方图。在基肥+追肥配方图中全省N–P2O5–K2O 以15–19–11、16–17–12、17–16–12覆盖面积较大,在一次性基施配方图中以24–12–9和25–12–8所占的区域最大。
    结论 河南省不同小麦种植区域的产量和土壤磷钾养分含量变异很大。氮肥推荐量依据目标产量而定,磷钾肥在目标产量需求量的基础上,结合土壤含量水平分别推荐了5个磷、钾肥水平。经校对与合并,基于小麦基追两次施肥和一次基施,分别提出了8个和9个专用肥配方。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Henan Province is one of the most important wheat-producing areas in China. Developing a wheat production formula based on rational fertilization could help clarify the appropriate application rate of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in different regions of Henan Province, as well as establish a fertilization formula map.
    Methods Henan Province was geologically divided into five regions: east-northern plain region (EP), central hilly region (CH), western mountain region (WM), southern basin region (SB), and rice-wheat rotation region (RW). Based on 2829 wheat field experiments and 837100 groups of soil nutrient data, we analyzed farmer's wheat yield, targeting yield and 100-grain P requirement. The N recommendation rate was calculated according to the yield economic response to the N fertilizer rate. The relative yields of 80%, 85%, 90% and 95% were taken to establish the abundance-deficiency indexes of soil available P and K. The recommended P fertilizer rate was calculated under a balanced P budget, and K fertilizer rate based on yield response in soils with different K levels. Using ArcGIS software, the NPK recommended application rates were superimposed and converted into fertilization formulas with a total NPK content of 45%. Further, wheat fertilization formulas and formula maps of different regions in Henan Province were drawn.
    Results The target wheat yields were 8671 kg/hm2 in EP, 5950 kg/hm2 in RW, 7780 kg/hm2 in SB, 7590 kg/hm2 in CH, and 7400 kg/hm2 in WM. The calculated optimal N rate was 178 kg/hm2 in SB, 170 kg/hm2 in EP, 160 kg/hm2 in RW, 150 kg/hm2 in CH and WM. According to the <80%, 80%–85%, 85%–90%, 90%–95% and >95% of the target yield, the adjusted critical values for the five grades of soil available P were <10 mg/kg, 10–15 mg/kg, 15–24 mg/kg, 24–37 mg/kg and >37 mg/kg, and those for the five grades of soil readily available K were <80 mg/kg, 80–105 mg/kg, 105–140 mg/kg, 140–180 mg/kg and >180 mg/kg, respectively. The recommended P fertilizer (P2O5) rates were 63 kg/hm2, 75 kg/hm2, 81 kg/hm2, 95 kg/hm2, and 105 kg/hm2 in turn, and the recommended K fertilizer (K2O) rates were 43 kg/hm2, 48 kg/hm2, 58 kg/hm2, 64 kg/hm2, and 73 kg/hm2, respectively. Based on the NPK recommendation, we worked out 8 formulae for basal plus topdressing and 9 formulae for one-off fertilization. The formula for basal plus topdressing fertilization were 15–19–11, 16–17–12 and 17–16–12, and those for one-off fertilization were 24–12–9 and 25–12–8 in the fertilizer map.
    Conclusions The wheat yield and soil available nutrient contents varied greatly among the ecological regions of Henan. The N fertilizer recommendation was based on N requirement of target wheat yields; P and K recommendation considered both target yield requirement and soil nutrient content. We worked out 8 fertilizer formulae for basal plus topdressing fertilization and 9 formulae for one-off fertilization around Henan Province.

     

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