• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李倩, 李晓秀, 吴会军, 宋霄君, 王碧胜, 武雪萍. 不同气候和施肥条件下保护性耕作对农田土壤碳氮储量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1539-1549. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18225
引用本文: 李倩, 李晓秀, 吴会军, 宋霄君, 王碧胜, 武雪萍. 不同气候和施肥条件下保护性耕作对农田土壤碳氮储量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1539-1549. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18225
LI Qian, LI Xiao-xiu, WU Hui-jun, SONG Xiao-jun, WANG Bi-sheng, WU Xue-ping. Effects of conservation tillage practices on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in farmland under different climatic types and fertilization conditions[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1539-1549. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18225
Citation: LI Qian, LI Xiao-xiu, WU Hui-jun, SONG Xiao-jun, WANG Bi-sheng, WU Xue-ping. Effects of conservation tillage practices on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in farmland under different climatic types and fertilization conditions[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1539-1549. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18225

不同气候和施肥条件下保护性耕作对农田土壤碳氮储量的影响

Effects of conservation tillage practices on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in farmland under different climatic types and fertilization conditions

  • 摘要:
    目的  土壤有机碳氮是影响土壤肥力与作物产量的重要物质,而耕作是影响土壤碳氮储量的重要因素。通过分析不同耕作措施对我国东北、华北地区农田土壤碳氮储量的影响,为优化农田耕作管理、实现固碳减排、保护土壤提供科学依据。
    方法  基于山西寿阳 (SSY)、山西临汾 (SLF)、河北廊坊 (HLF) 和吉林公主岭 (GZL) 四个长期定位试验,选择传统耕作 (CT)、免耕 (NTN) 和浅旋耕 (NTD) 三个耕作处理,分析了0—80 cm土壤剖面有机碳、氮的储量分布。
    结果  1) 与传统耕作相比,浅旋耕显著降低褐土 (寿阳) 容重,免耕增加黑土 (公主岭) 容重,保护性耕作对沙性土 (临汾) 和潮土 (廊坊) 的影响很小。2) 耕作影响0—60 cm土壤有机碳储量。与传统耕作处理相比,黑土 (公主岭) 采用免耕和浅旋耕可显著提高0—60 cm土壤中的有机碳含量;免耕可提高褐土 (寿阳)0—50 cm的有机碳含量;沙性土 (临汾)、潮土 (廊坊) 免耕由于表层秸秆覆盖可提高0—15 cm土壤有机碳含量,但降低15—50 cm层土壤碳储量;潮土 (廊坊)15—60 cm土层,浅旋耕可增加土壤有机碳储量,而免耕则相反。3) 免耕处理的潮土 (廊坊) 土壤氮储量比传统耕作高出260 kg/hm2,差异不显著;黑土 (公主岭) 免耕和浅旋耕土壤氮储量则分别高出112 kg/hm2和207 kg/hm2,差异显著,保护性耕作降低临汾和寿阳1 m深土壤的氮储量。4) 保护性耕作加剧了0—20 cm沙性土和潮土壤氮储量的分层,对黑土 (公主岭) 和褐土 (寿阳) 土壤碳储量的层间分布影响很小。
    结论  耕作影响0—60 cm土壤有机碳储量,免耕可以增加褐土的碳储量和潮土的氮储量,免耕和浅旋耕配合秸秆覆盖可显著增加黑土的碳、氮储量。因此,免耕适用于褐土和潮土,免耕和浅旋耕适用于黑土,沙性土采用保护性耕作的效果不显著。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives  Reduced tillage and straw mulching are regarded as alternatives to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen sequestration and thus mitigate greenhouse gas emission. The paper investigated the differences of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks under different tillage practices in different soils, to providing reference for selecting efficient and practical soil managements.
    Methods  The selected four typical long term tillage experiments located in Shouyang (SSY) and Linfen (SLF) of Shanxi Province, Langfang (HLF) of Hebei Province and Gongzhuling (GZL) of Jilin Province. The soil types in the above four bases were cinnamon soil, sandy soil, fluvo-aquic soil and balck soil in turn. The selected treatments included conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage with straw cover (NT) and shallow rotation tillage with straw covering (ST). The soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations in 0−100 cm depth were measured, and soil bulk densities were investigated.
    Results  1) In comparison with CT, ST significantly reduced the bulk density of cinnamon soil, NT increased the bulk density of black soil (GZL), and both had little effect on sandy soil (SLF) and fluvo-aquic soil (HLF). 2) Conservation tillages affected the soil organic carbon stocks of 0−60 cm. Compared with CT, both NT and ST significantly increased the organic carbon contents in 0−60 cm of black soil (GZL). NT increased the organic carbon content of 0−50 cm in cinnamon soil (SSY). In sandy soil and fluvo-aquic soil, NT increased soil organic carbon content of 0−15 cm soil by surface straw mulching, but reduced soil carbon storage of 15−50 cm layer. In the 15−60 cm layer of fluvo-aquic soil, ST increased soil organic carbon storage, while NT did the opposite. 3) The soil nitrogen storage of NT in fluvo-aquic soil was 0.026 t/hm2 more than that of CT, however, the increase was not significant. The nitrogen reserves of NT and ST in black soil were respectively 0.112 t/hm2 and 0.207 t/hm2 more than that of CT, and both the increases were significant. Conservation tillage reduced 1 m deep soil nitrogen storage in sandy and cinnamon soils. 4) Conservation tillage exacerbated the stratification of 0−20 cm soil nitrogen storage in sandy and fluvo-aquic soils, but had little effect on the interlayer distribution of soil carbon storage in black soil and cinnamon soil.
    Conclusions  Tillage methods show effects on 0−60 cm soil organic carbon stocks. No-tillage could increase the carbon storage in cinnamon soil and nitrogen storage in fluvo-aquic soil, and conservation tillage could significantly increase the carbon and nitrogen reserves in black soil. Therefore, no tillage is suitable for cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil, and conservation tillage is suitable for black soil, but both kinds of conservation tillage have not showed significant improvement effects in soil organic matter in sandy soil.

     

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