• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
冯静琪, 曹卫东, 高嵩涓, 常单娜, 周国朋, 石孝均. 稻草及氮调控对紫云英 (Astragalus sinicus L.) 生长和土壤性状的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10): 1858-1869. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20106
引用本文: 冯静琪, 曹卫东, 高嵩涓, 常单娜, 周国朋, 石孝均. 稻草及氮调控对紫云英 (Astragalus sinicus L.) 生长和土壤性状的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10): 1858-1869. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20106
FENG Jing-qi, CAO Wei-dong, GAO Song-juan, CHANG Dan-na, ZHOU Guo-peng, SHI Xiao-jun. Effects of rice straw returning and nitrogen regulation on the growth of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and soil properties[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(10): 1858-1869. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20106
Citation: FENG Jing-qi, CAO Wei-dong, GAO Song-juan, CHANG Dan-na, ZHOU Guo-peng, SHI Xiao-jun. Effects of rice straw returning and nitrogen regulation on the growth of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and soil properties[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(10): 1858-1869. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20106

稻草及氮调控对紫云英 (Astragalus sinicus L.) 生长和土壤性状的影响

Effects of rice straw returning and nitrogen regulation on the growth of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and soil properties

  • 摘要:
    目的  研究不同用量稻草与氮肥配施对紫云英生长及土壤养分的影响,为优化紫云英高产栽培措施和解决秸秆资源化利用难题提供理论依据,进而实现紫云英–水稻轮作体系中的稻田氮肥减施和作物增产。
    方法  设置稻草和氮肥双因素盆栽试验,3个稻草添加量 (RS) 分别为0 (RS0)、3000 kg/hm2 (RS1)、6000 kg/hm2 (RS2),4个施氮量 (N) 分别为0 (N0)、45 kg/hm2 (N45)、90 kg/hm2 (N90)、135 kg/hm2 (N135),共12个处理。测定紫云英鲜草产量及地上部氮、磷、钾累积量,分析土壤基础理化性状、微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳含量及6种与碳、氮、磷循环相关的土壤酶 (β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、磷酸酶) 活性,探讨紫云英生长与土壤性状的关系。
    结果  添加稻草和施用氮肥均显著提高紫云英鲜草产量和地上部氮、磷、钾累积量,与N0RS0处理相比,两者配施显著提高紫云英鲜草产量57.5%~323.8%;在N45、N90、N135水平下紫云英鲜草产量和地上部氮、磷、钾累积量均以RS2处理最高。紫云英地上部当季氮素回收率以N45RS1处理最高,与N90和N135施氮水平下各处理无显著差异。偏最小二乘法路径模型结果表明,相对稻草处理,氮肥处理对紫云英鲜草产量和养分累积量有更强的正效应。添加稻草和施用氮肥显著提高土壤酶活性,其中土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性在4个施氮水平下均随稻草量的增加先上升后下降,另外5种土壤酶活性在N0、N45、N135水平下均以RS2处理最高,在N90水平下以RS1处理最高。聚合增强树分析表明,土壤速效钾含量和乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性对紫云英鲜草产量的贡献程度最大,贡献率分别为52.6%和30.0%。
    结论  适量的稻草添加并配施氮肥可以显著提高紫云英鲜草产量、养分累积量和土壤酶活性,促进紫云英养分吸收,为紫云英高产创造条件。添加稻草可显著提高紫云英养分累积量和土壤速效养分含量,施氮对紫云英地上部氮磷钾养分累积量亦有显著影响。在本研究条件下,根据紫云英产量和养分吸收特征,并结合稻草资源化利用的目的,稻草6000 kg/hm2、氮肥45~90 kg/hm2为较适宜的施肥配比,具体施氮量可根据当地土壤肥力调整。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives  The growth of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L., CMV) and soil properties under different application rates of rice straw and nitrogen (N) fertilizer were studied to provide basis for optimizing high-yield cultivation of CMV and solving the problem of resource utilization of rice straw, and to realize the reduction of N fertilizer application rate and increase rice yield in CMV-rice rotation system.
    Methods  The pot experiment had 12 treatments, including two factors, i.e. straw and N fertilizer. The three straw rates were 0 (RS0), 3000 (RS1), 6000 (RS2) kg/hm2, respectively; and four N fertilizer rates were 0 (N0), 45 (N45), 90 (N90), 135 (N135) kg/hm2, respectively. Fresh biomass and the N, P and K accumulations of CMV shoots were measured. The soil basic physicochemical properties and contents of soil microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon, the activities of six soil enzymes involved in soil C, N and P cycling (β-glucosidase; β-cellobiosidase; β-xylosidase; N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; L-leucine aminopeptidase; phosphatase) were analyzed. Then the correlations between CMV growth and soil properties were further studied.
    Results  Both application of straw and N fertilizer significantly increased the fresh biomass and NPK accumulations of CMV. Compared with N0RS0 treatment, the combined application significantly increased CMV fresh biomass by 39.2%–323.8%. When N levels were N45, N90 and N135, CMV fresh biomass and N, P, K accumulations were all the highest in RS2 treatments. The shoot N seasonal recovery efficiency of CMV in treatment N45RS1 was the highest, which had no significant difference with those of treatments of N90 and N135 levels. The shoot N seasonal recovery efficiency of CMV in treatment N45RS1 was significantly higher than those in the others. Results of partial least squares path model showed that compared with straw application, N fertilizer had stronger positive effects on fresh biomass and nutrient uptake of CMV. Application of straw and N fertilizer significantly increased soil enzyme activities. The activity of soil L-leucine aminopeptidase increased at first and then decreased with the increased amount of straw at all the four N levels. The other five soil enzyme activities were strongest at RS2 treatments when N levels were N0, N45 and N135, while that in RS1 treatment was strongest at N90 level. Results of aggregated boosted trees analysis showed that soil readily available K content and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity were the most important indicators, and respectively contributed 52.6% and 30.0% to the fresh biomass of CMV.
    Conclusions  Appropriate application of rice straw and N fertilizer significantly increases fresh biomass of CMV, NPK accumulation in shoot and soil enzyme activities, and promoted nutrient uptake of CMV, which provides suitable environment for the growth of CMV. Straw addition can increase NPK accumulations in shoot of CMV and contents of soil available nutrients, N application also has a significant positive effect on NPK accumulation in shoot of CMV. In conclusion, according to the yield and nutrient absorption of CMV in different treatments, and together with the purpose of straw resource utilization, 6000 kg/hm2 straw combined with N 45–90 kg/hm2 fertilizer is the suitable ratio of the combined utilization of rice straw and N fertilizer. The specific N application rate could be adjusted according to the local soil fertility.

     

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