• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
LIN Hong-xin, YUAN Zhan-qi, XIAO Yun-ping, WANG Rui-qing, LÜ Feng-juan, ZHANG Zhi-hua. Comparison of dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation and utilization of cassava cultivars with different plant types[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(7): 1328-1338. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19416
Citation: LIN Hong-xin, YUAN Zhan-qi, XIAO Yun-ping, WANG Rui-qing, LÜ Feng-juan, ZHANG Zhi-hua. Comparison of dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation and utilization of cassava cultivars with different plant types[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(7): 1328-1338. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19416

Comparison of dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation and utilization of cassava cultivars with different plant types

  • Objectives Ideotype and N high efficiency are important indicators for crop breeding and introduction. Crop growth, development and morphogenesis are closely related to yield formation and N accumulation. The differences of dry matter production and distribution, N accumulation and utilization and yield formation among cassava cultivars with different plant types were studied for the screening of the ideotype and cultivars.
    Methods The tested cassava cultivars included compact-type of SC205, SC8, GR4, XX048 and umbrella-type of SC9, SC12 in a field experiment, which was conducted in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province. At the initial forming, initial and middle expanding and maturing stages of tuber (70, 110, 175, 240 days after planting), plant samples were collected for the measurement of dry matter production and N accumulation, and tuber yield were weighed at harvest.
    Results The biomass, fresh tuber yield, tuber weight per plant and harvest index of compact-type cultivars were 16.42%, 36.85%, 43.93% and 40.00% higher than those of umbrella-type ones. With the development of cassava, the proportion of leaf dry matter and N distribution were decreased, those of tuber dry matter, tuber N distribution and stem N distribution increased, while the stem dry matter distribution ratio was relatively stable. The above-ground distribution ratios of dry matter and N in compact-type cultivars at the initial forming stage of tuber were higher than those of umbrella type ones, but lower than umbrella-type ones at the tuber expansion stage. N utilization efficiency, N partial factor productivity and N harvest index of compact-type cultivars were 28.91%, 35.67% and 36.00% higher than those of umbrella-type ones, respectively, while the N requirement of 100 kg-fresh tuber was 27.27% lower. According to the path analysis, dry matter production and N accumulation in late tuber growth stage contributed the most to the total, followed by those at the middle tuber growth stage, and then at the early tuber growth stage and the least in the seedling stage. At tuber maturity stage, the under-ground allocation ratio of dry matter and nitrogen in the compact-type cultivars were increased by 10.85 and 9.13 percentage points, respectively. Dry matter and N accumulation in the late tuber growth stage, biomass, tuber weight per plant and harvest index were significantly and positively correlated with fresh tuber yields.
    Conclusions The above-ground allocation ratios of dry matter and N of compact-type cultivars are higher than those of umbrella-type ones at the tuber initiation stage, but lower at the tuber expansion stage. The compact-type cultivars have higher yield and N utilization efficiency, so enjoy more priorities for the breeding of new cultivars.
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