Study on parameters of balanced fertilization for winter wheat in cinnamon soil in Northern China

【Objectives】 Based on principle of nutrient balanced method, parameters of balanced fertilization for winter wheat in cinnamon soil in Northern China were studied. A soil testing and fertilizer recommendation index system for winter wheat in cinnamon soil was established to guide fertilizer use and wheat production directly, quickly, scientifically and rationally in this region.【Methods】The parameters of balanced fertilization for winter wheat in cinnamon soil of Northern China were studied by field trials in multiple sites and years. The parameters as nutrient uptake per 100 kg grain, calibration coefficients of soil available nutrients and apparent recovery efficiency of applied fertilizer were calculated respectively in this study. The impact of soil environment factors and yield on the calibration coefficients of soil available nutrients and apparent recovery efficiency of applied fertilizer and their variation tendency was studied.【Results】The results indicate the nutrient uptakes per 100 kg grain of wheat for nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P2O5)and potassium(K2O)are 3, 1.2 and 2.8 kg respectively with small variation. The calibration coefficients of soil available nutrients relate significant negatively with soil available nutrients by power exponent. The apparent recovery efficiencies of the applied fertilizers have negative logarithmic relationship with soil available nutrients in different yield range. Based on the nutrient balanced method, a soil testing and fertilizer recommendation index system for winter wheat in cinnamon soil is established to guide fertilizer use and wheat production directly, quickly, scientifically and rationally in this region.【Conclusions】Based on the nutrient balanced model, the fertilizer rates are recommended by the differences between the fertilizer requirement amounts for a target yield and soil nutrient-supplying amounts. The key point for the fertilizer recommendation is how to accurately determine basic parameters as the calibration coefficients of soil available nutrients and apparent recovery efficiencies of the applied fertilizer, which can make model be popularized and applied widely. Finally, the soil testing and fertilizer recommendation index system with quantitative characteristics of N, P, and K for winter wheat in cinnamon soil of Northern China is established, which is based on the nutrient balanced method and the related soil testing.