Advances in the mechanism of microbe-driven nitrogen cycling

Nitrogen cycle plays an important role in the discipline of biogeochemistry and is closely related to human life. Nitrogen cycle is largely dependent on microbe-driven nitrogen transformation, which inevitably results in isotopic effects of different forms of nitrogen. In order to better understand and trace the nitrogen cycle, this paper made a comprehensive summary from the material flux of nitrogen cycle, the microbial processes and the nitrogen isotope effects of nitrogen transformation processes, and the specificity of nitrous oxide (N₂O) molecule on distinguishing microbial processes. The results show that artificial nitrogen fixation is the main reason for the increase of active nitrogen in the environment, and also promoted the various links of nitrogen conversion. By analyzing the formation mechanisms of microbial processes in the nitrogen cycle and assessing the isotope effect of each process, it provides a basis for further exploring the internal connection between the functional genes and nitrogen isotope effects. It is important to elucidate the molecular mechanism of microbe-driven nitrogen cycle. The combination of the two methods also points out the direction for solving the source problem of nitrogen conversion processes under natural conditions, which is bounds to become the focus of future research and plays an increasingly important role in revealing the mechanism of nitrogen conversion.