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Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers (ISSN 1008-505X), a peer-reviewed sci-tech academic journal with English abstracts, key words and references, is superintended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, sponsored by the Chinese Society of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, administered by the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers was started in September of 1994,and officially published in 1999. As one of the high-level academic journals in the field of integrated agricultural sciences in China, the journal has the highest impaction factor in both the fields of fundamental agricultural sciences and agronomy sciences in China since 2008. It has been honored a member of Core Sci-Tech Journal of China since 2013, and was one of the 100 Outstanding Academic Journals of China (2007), Outstanding S&T Journal of China (2008, 2011, 2017). The journal is accepted by some important international and national databases and retrieval systems, such as Chemical Abstract (CA) of USA, Centre Agriculture Bioscience International (CABI), Japanese Science Technology Agency (JST), Chinese Electronic Periodical Services (CEPS), Chinese Academic Journal Comprehensive Evaluation Database (CAJCED), FAO database (AGRIS), etc. as data source.
More>Green efficiency fertilizers are characterized of controlled nutrient supply, higher nutrient-sue efficiency, and low risk of environmental pollution, represent one of the development trends in global fertilizer industry. The research and development of green efficiency fertilizer in China started in 1970s and 1980s, and over more than 40 years of rapid development, the green efficiency fertilizer have realized industrialized production. The annual output of green efficiency fertilizers have reached 20 million tons, and applied in more than 500 million mu (33 million hectare) of farmland, increasing 10 billion kilograms of crop yield and saving 2 million tons of fertilizers. The green efficiency fertilizers in China are divided into four categories, according to their yield and nutrient efficiency promotion paths. The slow-release fertilizer by controlling nutrient release through coating technology; the stabilized fertilizer by addition of urease inhibitors and/or nitrification inhibitors to regulate urea/N transformation; the urea formaldehyde fertilizer by addition/condensation reaction to form UF slow-release fertilizers to slow down the hydrolysis of urea in soil; and the value-added fertilizer in which bioactive organic synergists were added to comprehensively coordinate the nutrient supply and absorption in the “fertilizer-crop-soil” system. The green efficient fertilizer research and production in the near future should focus on the following aspects: 1) Increase yield with equal and/less nutrient input, or maintain yield with less nutrient input. 2) Integrated yield increase function through harmonious “fertilizer-crop-soil” system, especially stimulate the root absorption ability. 3) Fertilizers with multiple beneficial functions in crop quality, resistance to stress, conservation and remediation of soil. 4) Research and usage of degradable natural/plant-sourced materials with characteristics of bioactivity, safe to humane and environment. 5) Increasing fertilizer efficiencies through the cross amalgamation of multiple disciplines, in multiple ways and mechanisms. 6) Trying to realize the simultaneous production of green efficiency fertilizers with common fertilizers device, to achieve high production capacity in low cost, avoiding the second procession. 7) Meeting the requirement of nutrient supply and simplified fertilization and mechanic operation at the same time.
Phytate in soils mainly origins from plant residues and monogastric animal excrement. The phytate can only be mineralized to release P through hydrolysis and dephosphorylation, which are catalysed by specific enzymes-phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphate phosphohydrolase). Phytic acids or phytate, are important components of soil organic phosphorus, accounting for 50%–80% of total organic P. Phytic acids contain 6 phosphate groups and 12 dissociable protons, thus readily being adsorbed by soils or form insoluble complexes with metal ions. Consequently, phytic acids are prevented from interactions with phytase, their decomposition and mineralization efficiency are thus decreased greatly, hard to release P for plant uptake. Improving the solubility and bioavailability of phytate is one of the prerequisites to ensure the efficient P supply of soil to crops. Soil organic acids are derived from plant root excretes, microorganisms, and organic matter decomposition. Organic acids have plenty of functional groups, which can form more stable ligand complexes with metal ions, therefore, mobilize the adsorbed phytate or phytate-metal complexes through competitive adsorption, complexation, and fracturing organic matter-metal bridges. The kinds and contents of soil organic acids varied, depending on plant and microbe species. Besides, soil pH, organic matter content, the types and contents of soil minerals/metal oxides all influence the mobilization efficiency of organic acids-mediated phytate. As such, further studies should work on the following points: 1) Phytate mobilization efficiency of different organic acids in different types of soils. Quantitatively analyze phytate desorption and mobilization efficiency by different kinds and concentrations of organic acids; 2) Phytate-adsorped mineral surface is highly negative charged in a large pH ranges, which hinders the adsorption and displacement reactions of organic acids. Therefore, it is necessary to explore strategies to improve the mobilization of adsorbed-phytate; 3) Monitoring and evaluate the long-term performance of organic acids-mediated phytate mobilization.
Phosphorus homeostasis plays a crucial role in plant growth and development and resistance to environmental stresses. There are interactions among environmental stresses, soil phosphorus availability and plant phosphorus homeostasis. Phosphorus homeostasis is indispensable for the proper growth and development of plants and their resistance to environmental stresses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, low temperature, high temperature and heavy metals, not only influence the availability of phosphorus in soil, but also affect the absorption, transport and utilization of phosphate in plants. Increasing the supply of phosphate can reduce the inhibitory effect of abiotic stresses on plant growth under certain conditions and improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stresses. Studies have shown that abiotic stress can affect the phosphate signaling and influence the expression of phosphate responsive genes or proteins at the molecular level. Genetic modulation of the expression of genes, such as regulators in the phosphate signaling or phosphate transporters can improve the resistance of plants to abiotic stresses. In this paper, we summarized the effects and the underlying mechanism of drought stress, salt stress, temperature stress and heavy metal stress on phosphorus homeostasis, as well as the role and the underlying mechanisms of phosphorus homeostasis in abiotic stress resistance in plants. There are still many questions to be answered in the future. For example, which signal molecules and pathways are involved in the complex interaction between phosphorus nutrition and abiotic stresses in plants; what is the biological significance of the interaction between abiotic stress and phosphorus nutrition in plants, and what is the meaning from the ecological and evolutionary aspects; how to utilize or adjust the interaction between abiotic stress and phosphorus nutrition by means of transgenic and gene editing, so as to improve crop resistance to abiotic stress and phosphorus utilization efficiency simultaneously; what is the role of soil microorganisms in the interaction between phosphorus nutrition and abiotic stress. The answers to these questions will help us to understand the molecular mechanism of the interaction between phosphorus signaling and abiotic stress responses, and contribute to their application in agricultural production.
Trichoderma is a genus of filamentous fungi that are of interest to agriculture production and show good application prospects. Trichoderma interact with roots through signals, including colonization on the roots or as an endophyte of plants, regulating roots growth and plasticity, and promoting water and nutrients absorption. Trichoderma genomes contain a large number of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of natural active substances, which play a crucial role during Trichoderma-root interactions. Bioactivity-guided and genome mining isolation are the generally used methods to screen secondary metabolites (SMs) of Trichoderma, which usually are plant hormones and small molecule compounds. However, the screened SMs lack novelty in structures and encouraging researchs, and most known interactions are with model plantArabidopsis, limiting the basic theoretical breakthroughs in Trichoderma-root and application in agricultural production. It is urgent to incorporate theoretical breakthroughs of the screening study of new natural active products of Trichoderma into green agricultural development, which would be very important opportunities and challenges to achieve the sustainable agriculture in China.
WRKY proteins are a group of important transcriptional regulators that are unique to plants. WRKY specifically bind with the W-box cis-elements in the promoters of downstream genes to induce or inhibit the transcription and expression of related genes, to regulate plant growth and development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The WRKY gene family is large in number, there are 74 identified WRKY genes 74 in Arabidopsis genome, 182 genes in soybean genome and 109 genes in rice genome, respectively. WRKY genes play pivotal roles in plant response to various biological and abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperature, nutrient deficiencies, and pathogen infection. Up to now, it has been proved that the AtWRKY45 and AtWRKY75 are involved in regulating the responses of Arabidopsis to low P stress, GmWRKY142 positively regulates the tolerance of Arabidopsis to Cd stress. When exposure to stress, the plant WRKY protein specifically binds to the W-box cis-element in the conserved region of the related gene promoter, thereby achieves self-regulation or cross regulation, then activates or inhibits the transcriptional expression of downstream genes in response to various stress conditions. Numerous downstream target genes have also been revealed consequently, such as the PHT family members related to P nutrition; three AtWRKY genes and six GmWRKY genes are involved in regulating plant nitrogen uptake and utilization; six AtWRKY genes, ten GmWRKY genes, and five OsWRKY genes regulate plant response to phosphorus deficiency; two AtWRKY genes and six GmWRKY genes affect plant potassium absorption and utilization; three GmWRKY genes are involved in regulating the absorption and utilization of sulfate; oneAtWRKY gene is involved in regulating the uptake and utilization of boron; one AtWRKY gene and one OsWRKY gene are involved in regulating plant iron absorption; seven AtWRKY genes, one GmWRKY gene, and one OsWRKY gene are involved in mitigating cadmium toxicity; two AtWRKY genes, two GmWRKY genes, and one OsWRKY gene participate in helping plants detoxify aluminum toxicity. The foci of future researches are: 1) mining new WRKY transcription factors that regulate nutrient uptake and utilization and the downstream genes; 2) decoding the regulation of nutrient-related WRKYs at the translation and post-translation level; 3) determining the transcription of nutrient-related WRKY at epigenetic level; 4) revealing the proteins that interact with WRKY and the underlying mechanisms under nutrient deficiency.