Nutrient absorption and distribution characteristics of different peanut varieties in Jiaodong peninsula

【Objectives】 Because of abundant peanut germplasm resources in China, accelerating of renewal of peanut species with characters of high yield and quality, and multiplicity of cultivation methodsand conditions, there are inevitably great differences on characteristics of nutrition uptake and distribution of different peanut types. The N, P2O5 and K2O uptake and distribution characteristics of five peanut varieties with large planting areas in Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong province was studied to provide a theoretic basis and technical support for reasonable fertilization. 【Methods】 A field plot experiment was conducted in the breeding farm which belongs to Baibu town in Pingdu using Luhua11, Fenghua5, Huayu25, Weihua10 and Qinghua6 as experimental materials. Peanuts were sampled at the flowering, pot expanding and harvest stages respectively. Dry and fresh weights, N, P2O5 and K2O contents of peanut roots (including gynophore), stems, leaves and pods, and pod yield, 100-pod weight, pods per plant and full-pod rate of harvest stage peanut were determined. 【Results】 The results indicate that the pod yields of Fenghua5 and Huayu25 (averaged 5578 kg/ha) are significantly higher than those of the other varieties. The yields of Qinghua6 and Weihua10 are lower, and equal to 82.0% and 84.5% of the yield of Fenghua5 respectively. The full-pod rates of Large-seeded Fenghua5 and small-seeded Qinghua6 are significantly higher than those of other varieties. There are significant differences among N, P2O5 and K2O accumulations and distributions in different peanut varieties. Luhua11 and Huayu25 have the larger accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O, and the nutrients accumulations of Weihua10 are remarkable lower than those of the other varieties. The N, P2O5 and K2O absorptions and accumulations of all peanut varieties are in order: N＞K2O＞P2O5 in different growth periods. 50 days after sowing, the average demands of N, P2O5 and K2O of the total plants of the five varieties are 28.29 kg/ha, 6.03 kg/ha and 16.32 kg/ha, and accounts for 13.0%, 15.2% and 19.9% of the total nutrients demand in whole growth period respectively. The quickest period of N, P2O5 and K2O absorption and accumulation of the five varieties appeared in the 50-90 days after the sowing, and the demands of three nutrients are 134.02 kg/ha, 28.17 kg/ha and 72.35 kg/ha in this stage and accounts for 61.7%, 71.0% and 79.6% of the total nutrients demand respectively. In the 90-125 days, the demands reduce to 54.77 kg/ha, 5.45 kg/ha and -6.60 kg/ha and accounts for 25.2%, 13.8% and -8.04% of total demands respectively. The N, P2O5 and K2O are mainly accumulated in the shoots at the early growth stages, while the nutrients are mainly distributed in pods in the late growth stages. For the K2O of the whole peanut plants, negative absorption phenomenon may occur and the variety of Weihua10 has higher production efficiency of nutrients and dry matter. 【Conclusions】 In conclusion, Luhua11 and Huayu25 have high nutrients absorption and accumulation efficiencies, Weihua10 has high physiological use efficiencies of the nutrients, and Fenghua5 has high nutrients use efficiencies in the condition of our experiment. For the peanut varieties which the pod nutrient distribution indexes are high, it is necessary to pay more attention to nutrient supply in the vegetative growth stage.