Objectives Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant resistance to stress. This paper reviewed the documented progress of national and international research on how AMF enhance plant stress tolerance (drought, temperature, salinity, heavy metals) based on omics technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics). The paper also analysed the mechanism regulating plant-mycorrhizal symbionts at the molecular level under stress, which provides a scientific basis for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant stress tolerance.
Main advances Plants can establish a symbiotic relationship with AMF in the roots to absorb more water and nutrients from the soil, improving their resistance to abiotic stress. Mycorrhizal plants respond to abiotic stresses at the transcriptional, translational, and epigenetic levels. AMF could improve plant resistance to abiotic stress, maintain plant growth and development, and improve water utilization and nutrient absorption efficiency by regulating the transcription of some abiotic stress-related genes or translating and degrading proteins. Analyzing key genes related to proteins and metabolites by transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics could provide a theoretical basis to further explore the mechanism underlying the AMF effect on plant stress resistance.
Outlook The stress resistance mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts is not fully understood. This is because the single omics method limits the integrity of information expressed and the accuracy of the deep-rooted network regulation mechanism. With improved sequencing technologies in speed, accuracy, and update and development of bioinformatics, researchers should consider using multiple omics methods simultaneously to enhance understanding of the molecular regulation of plant-related life activities.
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