Objectives This paper aimed to explore the prevention effect of exogenous organic material input on soil-borne diseases of crops.
Methods In database Web of Science, Springer, CNKI, WanFang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Google Scholar, we screened literatures with keywords long-term experiment, all kinds of organic fertilizers, main soil physiochemical properties, and the five widely happened pest disease, and total 128 literatures with experimetal sites in China were screened out, and 953 sets of effective data were extracted from the literatures. In addition, soil samples were collected in 209 fields located in Baoshan, Lijiang, and Shilin of Yunnan Province, 297 groups of soil data were obtained. The relationship between the main soil physiochemical and biological properties and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases was analyzed using correlation analysis and structural equation model. The influence of organic material input on each tested index and the incidence of soil-borne diseases was analyzed using meta-analysis method.
Results The input of organic materials significantly increased acid soil pH, organic matter, and available P, K, and N, significantly reduced the pH of saline-alkali soil (P<0.05). Input of organic materials also increased exchangeable Ca and Mg, and available Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and B, but decreased exchangeable Al (P<0.05). The input of organic fertilizers reduced incidence of soil-borne diseases by 49.7%, and showed higher prevention on the soil-borne diseases caused by bacteria and fungi than those by nematode (P<0.05). Structural equation model and meta-analysis showed that soil pH reduction was an important driving factor for the incidence of soil-borne diseases. Soil organic matter, available P, exchangeable Ca and Mg, available B and soil sucrase activity were positively correlated with soil pH (P<0.05), and soil pH was negatively correlated with soil exchangeable Al (P<0.05).
Conclusions The long-term application of organic fertilizers can significantly increase the content and availability of soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, thereby increase pH of acid soils, and prevent the occurrence of main bacterial and fungal soil-borne diseases to some extent.
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