• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
JIANG Peng, LI Jia-qing, GUO Jing-xuan, ZHAO Zheng, YUAN Li-xing. Genetic approaches to lower grain phytic acid for high phosphorus use efficiency in crops[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(9): 1636-1647. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20604
Citation: JIANG Peng, LI Jia-qing, GUO Jing-xuan, ZHAO Zheng, YUAN Li-xing. Genetic approaches to lower grain phytic acid for high phosphorus use efficiency in crops[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(9): 1636-1647. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20604

Genetic approaches to lower grain phytic acid for high phosphorus use efficiency in crops

  • Objectives Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for crop growth and development. In plants, P is mostly stored in mature grains in the form of phytic acid. Non ruminants, including humans, cannot digest phytic acid to utilize P and other nutrient elements owing to their chelation with phytic acid. This leads to decreased nutrition value and increased loss risk of P resources to environments via grain harvest and animal manure. Reducing grain phytic acid content is thus an important focus in crop breeding. We summarized the research progresses on pathway of P entering crop grains, the physiological processes regulating grain phytate-P, and genetic improvement strategies reducing grain phytate.
    Main advances The accumulation of phytate-P in grain was mainly composed of three steps: transporting inorganic P (Pi) from xylem or phloem and subsequently to grains, synthesizing phytic acid from Pi, and loading phytic acid into vacuole for storage. To date, many membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes involved in these processes have been characterized, such as SULTR3;4, SULTR3;3, PHT1;4 transporters mediating inorganic P transport to grains; MIPS, ITPK, IPK1 enzymes respond to phytic acid synthesis; and MRP proteins for vacuolar storage of phytic acid. We further compared yield performances and other agronomic traits of grain phytate mutants, and evaluated the different strategies of genetic improvements. The shortcoming of low grain phytate mutants remained, such as defective in yields formation and seeds germination rate.
    Prospects In the future, three approaches can be emphasized for breeding low-grain-phytate crop varieties, including modulating spatial-temporal expression of key genes, exploring superior gene allelic variation, and cultivars-specialized P nutrition management.
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