夏玉米农田N<sub>2</sub>O排放影响因素的模拟分析

王良; 徐旭; 叶桂香; 陈国庆

doi:10.11674/zwyf.14559

夏玉米农田N₂O排放影响因素的模拟分析

作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安 271018

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(31101083,31471414)资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
王良(1988—),男,山东枣庄人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业信息化研究。E-mail: wangliang11.04@163.com

中图分类号: S147.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-12-10
- 修回日期: 2016-04-14
- 刊出日期: 2016-03-24

Simulation of the factors influencing N₂O emission in summer corn farmland

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Agronomy College,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,China

摘要

摘要: 【目的】全球46%~52%的N2O来自农田土壤,农田土壤N2O排放的研究具有重要的环境和经济意义。量化各影响因素对夏玉米农田N2O排放的影响,可为合理减少施肥产生的N2O排放提供依据。【方法】于2012和2013年连续两年进行了夏玉米裂区田间试验。试验主区为作物处理,副区为氮肥处理(0、 150、 300、 450 kg/hm2)。采用暗箱静态法-气相色谱法测定了不同处理N2O的排放通量,比较了不同温度和降雨量条件下不同处理的N2O排放量,计算了气温、降雨量、氮肥管理和夏玉米吸收对夏玉米农田N2O排放的影响。【结果】温度及降雨量的变化明显影响N2O的排放。2012年和2013年气温和降雨量对夏玉米生长期间N2O总排放量的影响分别为-0.24和-0.07。随着施氮量的增加,施氮对N2O排放的影响率呈线性增加(R2 = 0.923),施氮量0、 150、 300和450 kg/hm2,对玉米田N2O排放的影响分别为0、 0.38、 1.63、 3.54。夏玉米生长吸收对N2O排放量的平均影响因子为-0.33,年际间差异不显著(P = 0.07)。在苗期、穗期、花粒期,夏玉米生长吸收的影响因子分别为-0.57、 -0.29和-0.13,不同生育期的影响因子差异显著(P = 0.0015)。不同施氮量下,气候条件对夏玉米农田N2O排放影响率差异不显著(P 0.05); 不同气温和降雨量,夏玉米生长吸收对N2O排放的影响在同一施氮量下差异不显著(P 0.05),且均随施氮量的增加而减小。【结论】通过量化分析,气候条件对N2O排放的影响与气温和降雨量密切相关,温度升高影响增大,反之则减小,降雨后排放显著增大。施氮对N2O排放的影响随施氮量增加线性增加。夏玉米生长吸收降低了N2O排放,且在不同生育时期的影响差异显著。综合各影响因子,低氮量条件下(≦150 kg/hm2),气候因素和玉米生长对N2O排放的影响较大,高氮量下(≧300 kg/hm2),氮肥的施用是影响N2O排放的主要因子。
- 夏玉米农田 /
- 氧化亚氮 /
- 影响因子
Abstract: 【Objectives】 Agricultural soils are considered as a major source of N2O emission contributing approximately 46%-52% of the global anthropogenic N2O flux. We analyzed the contribution of climate factors, nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates and the absorption of summer corn on N2O emission from soil in summer corn field which had great importance to reduce N2O emissions produced by N fertilizer.【Methods】Split plot field experiments were conducted in summer corn in 2012 and 2013. The main factor was summer corn and fallow field, the deputy factor was nitrogen application rates (N 0, 150, 300, 450 kg/hm2). N2O emission rate was determined using static chamber technology combined with gas chromatography in different treatments. The contribution of temperature, precipitation, nitrogen managements and the absorption of summer corn on N2O emission was calculated.【Results】 The influence of meteorological conditions on the N2O emission was significant. The impact factors of temperature and precipitation on the N2O emission were -0.24 and -0.07 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization increased N2O emission which followed a linear relationship with the increase of N application rate (R2 = 0.923). The effect of nitrogen application on N2O emission was 0, 0.38, 1.63 and 3.54 when the N application rate was 0, 150, 300 and 450 kg/hm2, respectively. The average impact factor of summer corn growth on the N2O emission was -0.33, which did not differ between 2012 and 2013 (P = 0.07). At seedling stage, ear period and grain stage, the effect of summer corn growth on the N2O emission was -0.57, -0.29 and -0.13, respectively, and had significant difference between growing stages (P =0.0015). Climatic condition had no significant effect on N2O emission on summer corn field under different nitrogen application rates (P 0.05). With the different climates in years, there was no significant effect of summer corn growth on the N2O emission with different temperature and precipitation under the same nitrogen application rate (P 0.05).【Conclusions】 Higher temperature and precipitation greatly stimulate N2O. High nitrogen fertilization application leads to increased N2O emission. Summer corn growth has a negative impact on N2O emission, which varies significantly in different growing stages. Climate and crop absorption are the two main factors influencing N2O emission when the nitrogen application rate is less than 150 kg/hm2, and nitrogen application is the main factor when the nitrogen rate is higher than 300 kg/hm2.
- summer corn /
- farmland /
- nitrous oxide

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参考文献(1)

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