• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

不同栽培方式菜田耕层土壤重金属状况

黄绍文, 唐继伟, 李春花

黄绍文, 唐继伟, 李春花. 不同栽培方式菜田耕层土壤重金属状况[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 707-718. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14590
引用本文: 黄绍文, 唐继伟, 李春花. 不同栽培方式菜田耕层土壤重金属状况[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 707-718. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14590
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HUANG Shao-wen, TANG Ji-wei, LI Chun-hua. Status of heavy metals in vegetable soils under different patterns of land use[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 707-718. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14590
Citation: HUANG Shao-wen, TANG Ji-wei, LI Chun-hua. Status of heavy metals in vegetable soils under different patterns of land use[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 707-718. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14590
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不同栽培方式菜田耕层土壤重金属状况

  • 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京 100081

基金项目: 

现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25-C-11); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203095)资助。

详细信息
    作者简介:

    黄绍文(1964—), 男, 湖南桃源人, 研究员, 博士, 博士生导师, 主要从事蔬菜营养与高效安全施肥研究。Tel:010-82108662, E-mail:huangshaowen@caas.cn

  • 中图分类号: X53

Status of heavy metals in vegetable soils under different patterns of land use

  • Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100081,China

摘要

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】评价不同栽培方式(温室、大棚和露地)菜田土壤重金属状况,为菜田土壤质量改善和蔬菜高效安全施肥提供一定的理论依据。【方法】针对我国北方3个区域(东北、黄淮海、西北地区)和南方4个区域(华中、西南、华东、华南地区)主要蔬菜种植区不同栽培方式的典型菜田耕层土壤展开调查,选择的主要菜区不同栽培方式的菜田均为远离城郊的未受到工业“三废”、汽车尾气等污染的农村菜田,取样时间是2013年作物收获后或蔬菜施肥前或生长后期,共采集503个土壤样品,对温室、大棚和露地三种栽培方式下土壤重金属状况进行了研究。【结果】1)采样区设施(温室和大棚)菜田土壤重金属Cu、Zn和Cd总量总体上均高于露地菜田土壤,较露地菜田土壤平均分别高12.2%、21.7%和30.4%。2)随着种菜年限的增加,菜田土壤重金属Cu、Zn和Cd总量呈显著增加的趋势。不同栽培方式菜田土壤中均可能存在几种重金属同时污染的复合污染现象,土壤Cu、Zn、Cd等之间的相关性均达到极显著水平。3)采样区不同栽培方式菜田土壤Cd的二级超标率在19.2%~22.3%之间,温室、大棚和露地菜田土壤Cd的单项污染指数平均分别为0.97、0.98和0.70;土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As和Hg的二级超标率在0~14.6%之间,单项污染指数在0.06~0.52之间。【结论】设施菜田N、P2O5和K2O总量及有机肥用量均显著高于露地菜田,可能是造成设施菜田土壤中重金属Cu、Zn和Cd积累显著高于露地菜田的重要原因。采样区设施(温室和大棚)菜田土壤Cd总体上处于污染警戒级状态,露地菜田土壤总体上未受到Cd的污染;设施和露地菜田土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、As和Hg总体上均未构成对土壤的污染。
    Abstract: 【Objectives】 A national vegetable soil survey on total heavy metal concentrations under three patterns of land use (greenhouses with wall or without wall, open field) was evaluated to provide a scientific basis for vegetable soil quality improvement, and high-efficiency and safe fertilizer recommendation. 【Methods】 More than five hundreds of representative soil samples at depth of 0-20 cm were collected from the main vegetable production regions in China (Northeastern, Huanghuaihai, Northwestern, Southwestern, Central China, East China, and South China) located in rural areas away from suburbs of their cities, and not affected by the waste air, water and residue from industry and the tail gases emitted by automobiles etc. The sampling periods comprised after harvest, prior to fertilization, or at late stage of growth in 2013,and the total heavy metal concentrations under the three patterns of land use were investigated in this study. 【Results】 1) The total Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations in the vegetable soils inside the greenhouses (with wall and without wall) are significantly higher than those in open vegetable soils, with average increases of 12.2%, 21.7% and 30.4%, respectively. 2) The total Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations in the vegetable soils are significantly increased with the elongation of vegetable production history. Co-contamination of several heavy metals often might occur synchronously in the vegetable soils underdifferent land use patterns. Significant correlation relationships exist between soil heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, etc.). 3) The total Cd concentrations in 19.2%-22.3% of soil samples under different land use patterns are beyond the 2nd criterion according to the Soil Environmental Quality Standard for Vegetable Fields (GB15618-2008), and Cd pollution indices of the vegetable soils for greenhouse with wall, the vegetable soils for greenhouse without wall, and the open vegetable soils are 0.97, 0.98 and 0.70 respectively. In 0-14.6% of soil samples, the total Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As and Hg concentrations are beyond the 2nd criterion according to the Soil Environmental Quality Standard for Vegetable Fields, and the single-factor pollution indies of soil heavy metals are in the range from 0.06 to 0.52. 【Conclusions】 There are significant higher accumulations of soil Cu, Zn and Cd for the greenhouse vegetable field compared with the open vegetable field in this study, which is probably caused by the corresponding higher application rates of chemical fertilizers and organic manures, especially organic manures. The vegetable soils for greenhouses with wall and greenhouses without wall in sampling areas are at the warning level of Cd pollution, and the soils from the open vegetable fields are not generally contaminated with Cd. All the vegetable soils from different land use patterns are not in danger of contamination of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, As and Hg.
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  • 收稿日期:  2014-04-29
  • 修回日期:  2016-06-01
  • 刊出日期:  2016-05-24

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