密度、 氮肥对玉米杂交种节根数量的影响

程帅; 李鹏程; 刘志刚; 赵龙飞; 米国华; 袁力行; 陈范骏

doi:10.11674/zwyf.15055

密度、氮肥对玉米杂交种节根数量的影响

中国农业大学资源与环境学院,教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室,北京 100193

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(31172015); 973项目(2015CB150402)资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
程帅(1989—), 女, 山东德州人, 硕士, 主要从事植物营养生理与遗传研究。 E-mail:chengshuaichsh@163.com

中图分类号: S513.01; S513.062
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-08-03
- 修回日期: 2016-08-03
- 刊出日期: 2016-07-24

Effect of plant density and nitrogen supply on nodel root number of maize of different varieties

College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University/Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction,MOE,Beijing 100193

摘要

摘要: 【目的】玉米地上和地下茎节生长的节根分别被定义为地上节根(气生根)和地下节根; 地上和地下节根在玉米生长全生育期的水分、养分吸收以及抗倒伏方面起重要作用。密度和氮肥施用是作物生长和高产最为关键的两个农学影响因子,研究高产密植栽培中氮素如何影响玉米地上及地下节根数的变化,可为选择适宜的品种提供依据。【方法】以玉米自交系GEMS30、 Zheng653、 Mo17、 B73、 CIMBL153为母本,以武312(Wu312)及其近等基因系为父本组配的10对测交组合为试验材料,在2个密度水平(60000和80040 plant/hm2)和3个氮水平(0、 120和240 kg/hm2)下,通过田间挖根,然后按照玉米生长的轮次逐一割下节根并记录数量,同时利用NK-100型数显式弹簧拉力计测定地上第3节位的抗倒拉力。研究总节根数、地上节根数(气生根)、地下节根数、茎秆抗倒拉力和产量的变化规律及其相互关系。【结果】本研究条件下,高密度显著降低产量; 供氮水平也显著影响产量,N 120 kg/hm2时产量高于N 0和240 kg/hm2。地上节根和地下节根数均受氮肥、密度及氮肥密度互作的显著影响。高密种植平均使地上节根数减少3~6条,而地下节根数量不受影响; 抗倒拉力降低14%~29%,但是在N 240 kg/hm2条件下,高密度对地上和地下节根数的影响不显著。在N 120 kg/hm2供应条件下的地上和地下节根数、抗倒拉力均高于不施氮,低密度下玉米地上节根数也高于N 240 kg/hm2。不同杂交种的地上节根对氮和密度的响应存在显著差异,其中以B73为母本的2个基因型最为敏感。相关分析表明,在N 0和N 120 kg/hm2条件下,无论密度高低,地下节根数与产量都呈显著正相关; 在低密度下N 0和N 120 kg /hm2条件下, 地下节根数与抗倒拉力呈显著正相关。但高密度在N0下,地上节根数与产量呈显著负相关。【结论】在适宜栽培条件下,地下和地上节根数量多,抗倒能力强,产量高,地下节根数对产量和抗倒伏的贡献相对更为重要。在胁迫条件下,过多的地上节根数可能对产量形成起负作用。因此,根据目标产量,在适宜栽培条件下,选择地下节根数多的品种可以提高产量和抗倒伏率。
- 玉米 /
- 施氮量 /
- 密度 /
- 节根 /
- 抗倒拉力 /
- 产量
Abstract: 【Objectives】 Brace and crown roots play dominant role in supporting plants and water and nutrient uptake during the whole growth period of maize. Plant density and nitrogen (N) supply are two important factors on maize growth and yield production, study their effects on the growth of brace and crown roots will provide base for the choose of proper cultivars.【Methods】 In this study, 10 maize hybrids, crossed from female inbred lines GEMS30, Zheng653, Mo17, B73, CIMBL153 and male lines Wu312 and Wu312 derivative lines, were grown in filed under two plant densities (60000 and 80040 plants per hm2). Three N supply levels of 0, 120 and 240 kg/hm2 were designed for the two densities. The variation of the number of brace and crown roots was counted by hand after the whole roots were dug out. The pulling resistance of the stalk was measured at the same time.【Results】 The grain yields were lower in high plant density than in low density, and lower in N 0 or N 240 kg/hm2 than in N 120 kg/hm2. N application rate, plant density and their interaction significantly affected the number of brace and crown roots. At high plant density, the number of brace roots was decreased by 3-6, the pulling resistance was decreased by 14%-29%, while the number of the crown roots was not affected. The highest number of brace roots and crown roots, as well as the strongest stalk pulling resistance were obtained under N 120 kg/hm2. There was genotypic difference in the number of brace roots in response to N supply and plant density. Two hybrids crossed from B73 as the female parent were mostly sensitive to N supply. Under 0 and N 120 kg/hm2, the number of brace roots was positively correlated to grain yield regardless the plant density. Under high plant density without N supply, the number of brace roots was negatively correlated to grain yield. Under low plant density without N or with N 120 kg/hm2, the number of crown roots was positively correlated to stalk pulling resistance. The most satisfactory number of the brace and crown roots, the stalk pulling resistance and the grain yield were obtained under low planting density and N 120 kg/hm2 supply. 【Conclusions】 In suitable production condition, more brace roots are good for high pulling resistance and high yield, but under stress condition, excess brace roots would inhibit the formation of maize yield. So the response of brace root number to stress should be considered for the choose of hybrids to obtain target yield.
- maize /
- nitrogen supply /
- plant density /
- brace root /
- crown root /
- pulling resistance

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参考文献(1)

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