• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

不同施氮处理草莓氮素吸收分配及产量差异的研究

Effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen absorption,distribution and yield of Strawberry

  • 摘要: 利用稳定性同位素15N示踪技术,研究了施肥时期与施肥量对设施盆栽草莓15N尿素吸收分配的影响。结果表明,15N尿素定植时与花前各半量追施,氮肥利用率最高,达52.5%,花前追肥利用率最低,为34.2%。不同时期施肥,植株收获时氮素在草莓各器官中的分配差异较大,定植时追肥,营养器官分配率为85%,生殖器官15%;定植时和花前各半量追肥时,营养器官分配率为72.2%,生殖器官27.8%;而花前追肥则生殖器官分配率提高到31.3%。15N的吸收分配随着生长中心而转移,生长后期生殖器官对15N的竞争力高于营养器官。增加氮肥施用量,氮肥利用率下降。田间试验表明,氮肥运筹对植株成熟叶片硝态氮浓度与SPAD值有显著影响,设施栽培草莓施N225.kg/hm2,于定植时与花前各半量施用,草莓花芽分化早,早期产量与总产量均高。

     

    Abstract: Pot experiments were conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen application time and rate on nitrogen absorption and distribution using labeled(15N) isotope technique.The treatment applying N at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose got the highest nitrogen utilization rate equivalent to 52.5%;while the nitrogen utilization rate of the treatment applying N before anthesis with full dose was the lowest being 34.2%.The ratio of N-distribution in various organs existed significant difference when fertilizer was applied at different stages.The ratio of N-distribution of nutritive organs to genital organs was 5.7 to 1,while the ratio was 2.6 to 1 when N was top addressed with half dose at fix planting and before anthesis.Top addressing N before anthesis could increase the N distribution rate of genital organ significantly(equivalent) to 31.3%. By all appearances,the absorption and distribution of(15N) were transfused with the change of organic centre of strawberry.The competition ability of genital organs on(15N) at the later growing period was higher than nutritive organs.Field test results indicated nitrogen application influenced significantly nitrate concentration and SPAD reading of ripe leaf.Applying N with dose of 225 kg/ha by means of top addressing at fix planting and before anthesis with half dose separately could accelerate blossom buds differentiation and get the highest forepart and total yield of strawberry.

     

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