Effects of spraying stages of paclobutrazol on seed setting characteristics of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.)
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摘要:目的
探讨多效唑喷施时期对紫云英结实特性的影响,明确紫云英结实性最佳化控时期,以期为提高紫云英种子产量提供参考。
方法以‘信紫1号’为供试材料,分别于越冬后期 (T1)、返青期 (T2)、现蕾期 (T3)、初花期 (T4) 和花后5天 (T5) 进行叶面喷施处理,以喷施清水为对照。在盛花期,观察记载主茎不同花序位花荚发育的形态及数量特征。在成熟期,按常规考种法调查了产量和产量构成因素。
结果除T3处理外,其他4个处理的紫云英花数、结荚数、籽粒数、结荚率和荚果结实率在不同层花序上与对照差异均不明显,不同层花序的粒重也没有显著差异。T3处理其花数、结荚数、籽粒数、结荚率和荚果结实率在基部花序位较对照分别提高20.4%、31.4%、23.9%和5.25、2.38个百分点,在中部花序位分别提高12.3%、32.9%、22.8%和7.42、2.08个百分点,在顶部花序位分别提高18.4%、54.8%、70.9%和2.56、3.78个百分点。T3处理种子产量最高达到1120.66 kg/hm2,较对照增产32.3%。
结论在现蕾期叶面喷施多效唑,可促进紫云英花期不同花序位,特别是中部和基部花荚的发育,减少花荚脱落,促进结实成粒,最终获得较高的种子产量。过早和过晚喷施多效唑对紫云英开花和籽粒产量均没有显著影响。
Abstract:ObjectivesThe effect of applying paclobutrazol at different stages were compared through seed setting characteristic of Chinese milk vetch, in expectation of providing references for improving yield through use of chemical regulation.
MethodsA Chinese milk vetch cultivar ‘Xinzi No.1’” was used in a field experiment. Five foliar application stage treatments were setup, including late wintering (T1), returning green (T2), squaring (T3), pre-flowering (T4), and 5 days after-flowering (T5), and foliar spraying water was used as control (CK). During the flowering stage, the morphological and quantitative characteristics of flowers and pod setting at the basal, central, and apical inflorescences were investigated. At harvest, the number of pod, seed and seed weight at the three inflorescences, and the yield and yield components were determined using conventional methods.
ResultsThe number of flowers, pods and seeds, and the setting rates of pods and seeds at bottom, central and apical inflorescences in all the spraying stage treatments, except in squaring stage, did not differ significantly from those in the control. When sprayed at the squaring stage, the seed yield was the highest, and was 32.3% higher than control. Under the spraying stage, the number of flowers, pods, seeds and the pod and seed setting rates in the basal inflorescences were increased by 20.4%, 31.4%, 23.9%, 5.25% and 2.38%, and by 12.3%, 32.9%, 22.8%, 7.42% and 2.08% in the central inflorescences, and by 18.4%, 54.8%, 70.9%, 2.56% and 3.78% in the apical inflorescences, respectively, compared with the control. The seed weights at the three inflorescences did not differ significantly with those of the control.
ConclusionsFoliar application of paclobutrazol at squaring stage is effective in promoting the flower development, reducing the shedding, and benefit the setting of pods and seeds, especially in the basal and central inflorescences, and result in high seed yield at last. Foliar spraying paclobutrazol before and after squaring stage will not have the promotion effect.
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Keywords:
- Chinese milk vetch /
- paclobutrazol /
- spraying stages /
- seed setting characteristic
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紫云英 (Astragalus sinicus L.) 又名红花草、翘摇、草籽等,为豆科黄芪属植物,是中国传统绿肥作物之一,具有改善土壤理化性状、增加土壤微生物数量和多样性及提高土壤肥力的作用[1-5]。随着绿肥作物在农业生产领域的大量应用,紫云英的种子生产已成为发展绿肥生产的重要环节[6-8]。目前,紫云英种子生产基础性研究投入不足,紫云英种子高产理论和配套技术研究相对薄弱,导致种子产量低且不稳定[9-11]。因此,实现紫云英种子高产是目前的一项艰巨任务。
随着作物化学调控技术的发展,利用化控技术塑造作物理想群体结构和丰产株型正在成为实现农作物优质高产追求的目标。在大田栽培条件下,紫云英生育期的中后期易发生植株旺长,生育后期叶片早衰、光合作用受损,营养供给不足,易倒伏,从而影响花荚发育,易造成大量花荚脱落,导致种子产量不高。多效唑是20世纪80年代研究合成的一种三唑类、高效、低毒的植物生长调节剂,被普遍认为是内源赤霉素合成的抑制剂,具有控长矮化、削弱细胞分裂和伸长、调节作物生长发育、促进物质转运和分配、改善植株生长发育的生理效应[12-13]。郝艳玲等[14]发现多效唑对于矮化小麦幼苗植株效果明显。黄可兵等[15]研究发现不同时期用多效唑喷施小麦,对小麦第一、二、三节节间均有不同程度的控长作用,降低了植株高度,从而提高了小麦的抗倒伏能力,促进产量增加。史关燕等[16]通过多效唑喷施时期对谷子性状及品质的影响研究发现,适期喷施多效唑能显著抑制茎秆伸长,降低株高,增加谷子的穗粗、穗质量、穗粒质量和产量。至今,国内外针对紫云英化控的研究很少,而化控时期对紫云英花荚结实性的影响也未见报道。由于植物生长调节剂的效果受喷施时期、作物种类等因素的影响较大,因此,研究不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英花荚结实特性的影响,明确增产条件下紫云英的最佳化控时期,对于深化紫云英化控理论研究和指导紫云英种子高产调控技术的研究具有重要意义。
1. 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料与设计
本研究田间试验于2017—2019年在河南省正阳县兰青乡大余庄 (32°16′N,114°11′E) 进行。该地区属亚热带与暖温带过渡地带半湿润大陆季风气候,2017—2019年紫云英生育期 (播种当年10月至次年4月末) 月平均气温和降水量见图1。试验田土壤类型为砂姜黑土,土壤质地为粘壤,0—20 cm土层有机质含量为17.2 g/kg、全氮为0.9 g/kg、碱解氮为103 mg/kg、有效磷为28.7 mg/kg、速效钾为125 mg/kg。播前施复合肥 (N∶P2O5∶K2O = 24∶11∶10) 188 kg/hm2。以信紫1号为供试材料。两年试验均于9月17号播种,播种量为22.5 kg/hm2,播种时将种子与细沙混匀后撒播。试验田栽培管理同一般高产田。分别于越冬后期 (3月6日,T1)、返青期 (3月15日,T2)、现蕾期 (3月23日,T3)、初花期 (3月28日,T4) 和花后5天 (4月2日,T5) 进行叶面喷施多效唑,以喷施清水作为对照。供试多效唑为15%可湿性粉剂,由安阳全丰生物科技有限公司提供。多效唑喷施浓度为400 mg/kg,喷量为750 kg/hm2,清水喷量与之相同,以叶面表层形成一层水雾但不下滴为准。每处理小区面积为20 m2,重复3次。
图 1 2017—2019年紫云英生育期月平均气温和降水量[注(Note):2017—2018和2018—2019年的总降水量分别为160.7和162.5 mm;2017—2018和2018—2019年的月平均温度分别为10.04和10.02 °C The total precipitations of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 are 160.7 and 162.5 mm, and the average tempeatures of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 are 10.04 and 10.02°C, respectively.]Figure 1. The mean air temperature and precipitation in Zhengyang during the growing period of Chinese milk vetch in 2017–20191.2 测定内容与方法
根据信紫1号生长特性,将其自下而上分为6个花序层。其中,6层及其以上花序层统称为第6层花序。不同花序位划分:基部花序 (第1~2层花序)、中部花序 (第3~4层花序)、顶部花序 (第5~6层花序)。
盛花期,每小区随机取生长均匀一致植株5~10株,调查记载主茎上不同花序位的花数。成熟期,每小区随机取1 m2 (每处理重复3次),常规法考察其结荚数、籽粒数及千粒重。每处理随机选取10株调查其结实性相关指标,包括主茎不同花序位的结荚数[结实荚数、不孕荚数 (瘪荚) ]、籽粒数、粒重、结荚率和荚果结实率,实收2 m2计产。
1.3 数据分析
采用Microsoft Excel 2003和PASW Statistics 18软件对两年数据进行处理分析,采用两年数据平均值进行绘图。
2. 结果与分析
2.1 不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英不同花序位花数的影响
紫云英主茎基部花序位花数发育高峰值最大约22~25个,中部约19~22个,顶部约17~21个,表明基部花序位花发育强度较大,总花数多 (图2)。在基部、中部和顶部花序位,T3处理的花数分别较对照提高20.4%、12.3%和18.4%,且差异均达到显著水平。T1、T2、T4、T5处理与对照差异不显著,其中,T1处理在不同花序位其花数较对照略有降低,T5处理在中部和顶部花序位较对照也略有降低。
图 2 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的花数[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]Figure 2. Flower numbers in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol2.2 不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英不同花序位结荚数的影响
不同花序位结荚数表现为基部 > 中部 > 顶部,分别为12~16个、8~11个、3~5个 (图3)。在基部、中部和顶部花序位,T3处理的结荚数分别较对照提高31.4%、32.9%和54.8%,差异均达到显著水平。T1、T2、T4、T5处理与对照差异不显著,其中,T1处理在不同花序位其结荚数较对照略有降低。
图 3 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的结荚数[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]Figure 3. Pod numbers in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol2.3 不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英不同花序位籽粒数的影响
基部花序位籽粒数约60~80个,中部花序位籽粒数约40~50个,顶部花序位籽粒数约10~20个,表现为基部 > 中部 > 顶部 (图4)。在基部、中部和顶部花序位,T3处理的籽粒数分别较对照提高23.9%、22.8%和70.9%,差异均达到显著水平。T1、T2、T4、T5处理与对照差异不显著,其中,T1处理在不同花序位其籽粒数较对照略有降低,T5处理在中部花序位较对照也略有降低。
图 4 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的籽粒数[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]Figure 4. Seed numbers in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol2.4 不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英不同花序位粒重的影响
主茎不同花序位上籽粒粒重呈现基部 > 中部 > 顶部的趋势 (图5)。其中,基部花序位籽粒粒重约0.30~0.35 g,中部约0.15~0.17 g,顶部约0.03~0.05 g。除T1处理外,各喷施时期处理在不同花序位的粒重均较对照有所提高,但提高幅度不大,与对照差异不显著。
图 5 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上每个花序位的粒重[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间差异在0.05水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]Figure 5. Seed weight in each florescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol2.5 不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英花荚结实的影响
2.5.1 紫云英不同花序位的结荚率
图6显示,紫云英基部花序位结荚率最高,为50%~60%,中部次之,为30%~40%,顶部最低,为10%~20%。在基部、中部和顶部花序位,T3处理的结荚率较对照分别增加5.25、7.42和2.56个百分点,且与对照达到显著差异水平。其他各时期喷施多效唑处理在不同花序位的结荚率与对照差异不显著,且T1处理较对照略有降低。
图 6 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的结荚率[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]Figure 6. Pod setting rate in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol2.5.2 紫云英不同花序位的荚果结实率
图7显示,紫云英基部花序位荚果结实率高达95%以上,中部约90%,顶部约85%,呈现基部 > 中部 > 顶部的趋势。在基部、中部和顶部花序位,T3处理的荚果结实率较对照分别增加2.38、2.08和3.78个百分点,且与对照达到显著差异水平。其他各时期喷施多效唑处理在不同花序位的荚果结实率与对照差异不显著,且T1处理较对照略有降低。
图 7 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的结实率[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]Figure 7. Seed setting rate in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol2.6 不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英种子产量及其构成的影响
从产量构成因素分析,喷施多效唑各处理与对照在千粒重上差异均不显著,在荚数、单荚籽粒数和产量上除T3 和T1处理外,其他各处理与对照差异也均不显著 (表1)。其中,喷施多效唑T3处理与对照在荚数、单荚籽粒数和产量上均表现为T3 > CK,且与对照差异达到显著水平,而喷施多效唑T1处理的荚数、单荚籽粒数和产量与对照均表现为T1 < CK,且差异达显著水平。分析多效唑各处理对种子产量的影响发现,T3处理的种子产量最高,为1120.66 kg/hm2,较对照增产32.3%。
表 1 不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英产量及构成因素的影响Table 1. Effects of spraying paclobutrazol on grain yields and yield components of Chinese milk vetch处理
Treatment荚数 (× 104/hm2)
Pod number单荚籽粒数
Seed number per pod千粒重 (g)
1000-seed weight产量 (kg/hm2)
Seed yieldCK 5082.50 b 4.67 b 3.57 a 847.35 b T1 4816.95 c 3.90 c 3.60 a 676.30 c T2 5095.47 b 4.68 b 3.63 a 865.64 b T3 5919.20 a 5.23 a 3.62 a 1120.66 a T4 5513.21 ab 4.99 ab 3.58 a 984.89 ab T5 5132.99 b 4.73 b 3.60 a 872.56 b 注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5 表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后 5 天;同列数值后不同小写字母表示处理间在 0.05 水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 level . 3. 讨论
3.1 叶面喷施多效唑适宜时期
多效唑是一种植物生长延缓物质,可以延缓植株生长、抑制茎秆徒长、缩短节间、增强植物抗逆性能、提高植物叶片叶绿素含量、促进作物增产[17]。鱼冰星等[18]研究指出,在拔节期前喷施多效唑对谷子增产效果最好。赵婧等[19]研究发现,7月初叶面喷施多效唑可显著促进大豆产量增加。张佳蕾等[20]研究指出,花生主茎茎高25~30 cm时喷施多效唑,其荚果产量最高,籽仁品质较好。本试验通过在紫云英不同时期设置喷施多效唑处理发现,在越冬后期 (T1) 喷施多效唑,其种子产量较对照显著减少,分析原因可能是由于喷施时期过早,营养生长控制过度,导致养分积累不足而影响生殖生长,表现为花数、结荚数和籽粒数较对照减少,最终导致产量的显著下降。在返青期 (T2) 喷施多效唑,其种子产量较对照有所增加,但增产效果不明显,其原因与喷施时期过早,植株养分积累不足有关。初花期 (T4) 和始花后5天 (T5) 喷施时期过晚,则对植株营养生长控制及其种子增产作用不大。而在花荚发育关键期的现蕾期 (T3),正值植株营养生长向生殖生长过渡,喷施多效唑可有效抑制植株营养生长,促进其花、荚和籽粒等生殖器官发育,最终种子产量较对照增产32.3%。乐开富等[17]指出在紫云英伸长期至现蕾期喷施多效唑对其种子增产有作用。本研究结果与此一致,但也略有不同。本研究发现在现蕾期喷施多效唑对种子增产作用最佳,喷施时期范围较前者缩小,喷施时间点较前者更为具体。综上,在紫云英生育期进行叶面喷施多效唑,过早易造成种子减产,过晚则对种子增产作用不大,在其生长发育关键期现蕾期进行叶面喷施效果最佳。
3.2 现蕾期喷施多效唑增产原因
本研究发现,叶面喷施多效唑主要通过提高其荚数和籽粒数来提高产量,与粒重关系不大,这与赵婧[19]等研究指出的喷施多效唑对大豆粒重影响不大以及董静等[21]研究指出的多效唑促进小麦增产与其粒重作用不大的研究结论相一致。本研究结果表明,在现蕾期,叶面喷施多效唑可促进不同花序位花数、荚数、籽粒数、结荚率和荚果结实率的增加,进而促进紫云英种子产量增加。分析紫云英种子产量增加的可能原因:1) 从多效唑的植物学效应发现,多效唑可抑制植株纵向伸长和促进横向生长、控长矮化。然而紫云英生育中后期易发生植株旺长,导致生育后期营养供给不足,现蕾期正值其营养生长向生殖生长过渡的关键期,该时期若采取植物延缓剂抑制其营养生长,促进生殖生长,对其种子增产可能会起到一定的积极作用。2) 豆科绿肥作物的根瘤共生固氮作用在现蕾期可达到强度高峰[22],在该时期叶面喷施多效唑可有效抑制植株的营养生长,促进生殖生长,使紫云英株型紧凑,改善了通风透光条件,增加净光合速率,增强叶片的光合能力,叶片功能期延长,有效地协调前后期的光合能力,促进植株的物质运输,为获取较高的产量和结实性指标 (花数、荚数、籽粒数、结荚率和结实率) 打下良好基础。3) 现蕾期正是紫云英花荚形成及发育的关键期[23],多效唑可能调控了花荚发育过程中叶片和花荚内源激素水平的变化,从而有利于花荚发育与结实,进而促进种子产量提高。
实践中叶面喷施多效唑可增加紫云英产量及结实性,本试验只开展了不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英结实性的初步调控效应研究,筛选出了最佳结实性的多效唑喷施时期。然而对多效唑促进紫云英结实性增加的调控机理研究尚未曾开展。因此,多效唑调控紫云英结实性的内在生理机制仍需进一步探究。
4. 结论
生育期内叶面喷施多效唑在提高紫云英花数、荚数、籽粒数等产量结实性指标上有较大的调控潜力,过早易造成种子减产,过晚则对种子增产作用不大。在现蕾期叶面喷施多效唑,可明显促进不同花序位花数、荚数、籽粒数、结荚率和荚果结实率的增加,尤其对中、基部花序位的结荚率和顶部花序位的荚果结实率促升显著,进而获得较高的种子产量。
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图 1 2017—2019年紫云英生育期月平均气温和降水量
[注(Note):2017—2018和2018—2019年的总降水量分别为160.7和162.5 mm;2017—2018和2018—2019年的月平均温度分别为10.04和10.02 °C The total precipitations of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 are 160.7 and 162.5 mm, and the average tempeatures of 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 are 10.04 and 10.02°C, respectively.]
Figure 1. The mean air temperature and precipitation in Zhengyang during the growing period of Chinese milk vetch in 2017–2019
图 2 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的花数
[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]
Figure 2. Flower numbers in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol
图 3 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的结荚数
[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]
Figure 3. Pod numbers in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol
图 4 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的籽粒数
[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]
Figure 4. Seed numbers in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol
图 5 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上每个花序位的粒重
[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间差异在0.05水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]
Figure 5. Seed weight in each florescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol
图 6 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的结荚率
[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间在0.05水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]
Figure 6. Pod setting rate in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol
图 7 不同时期喷施多效唑紫云英主茎枝上不同花序位的结实率
[注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后5天;柱上不同字母表示同一花序位不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant difference among treatments (P < 0.05).]
Figure 7. Seed setting rate in inflorescence at different positions of the main branch of Chinese milk vetch at spraying stages of paclobutrazol
表 1 不同时期喷施多效唑对紫云英产量及构成因素的影响
Table 1 Effects of spraying paclobutrazol on grain yields and yield components of Chinese milk vetch
处理
Treatment荚数 (× 104/hm2)
Pod number单荚籽粒数
Seed number per pod千粒重 (g)
1000-seed weight产量 (kg/hm2)
Seed yieldCK 5082.50 b 4.67 b 3.57 a 847.35 b T1 4816.95 c 3.90 c 3.60 a 676.30 c T2 5095.47 b 4.68 b 3.63 a 865.64 b T3 5919.20 a 5.23 a 3.62 a 1120.66 a T4 5513.21 ab 4.99 ab 3.58 a 984.89 ab T5 5132.99 b 4.73 b 3.60 a 872.56 b 注(Note):T1、T2、T3、T4、T5 表示叶面喷施多效唑时间分别为越冬后期、返青期、现蕾期、初花期和花后 5 天;同列数值后不同小写字母表示处理间在 0.05 水平差异显著。T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 represent the time of spraying paclobutrazol on leaves, which are late wintering, returning green, squaring, pre-flowering, and 5 days after-flowering, respectively. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same column are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 level . -
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