越冬期干旱胁迫对油菜施肥效果的影响
Effects of drought stress on fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed during wintering
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摘要: 利用田间试验研究了越冬期自然干旱胁迫和适时灌溉条件下，油菜施用氮、磷、钾和硼肥的效果。结果表明，干旱胁迫条件下，油菜的生长发育受到明显抑制，子粒产量比适时灌溉条件显著降低; 而且不同施肥处理间的减幅差异较大，其顺序为: 不施硼处理(-B)＞不施钾处理(-K)＞不施氮处理(-N) 不施磷处理(-P)＞NPKB配施处理，表明平衡施肥能够有效提高油菜的抗旱性。试验结果还显示，无论是在干旱胁迫还是适时灌溉条件下，施用肥料均显著促进了油菜的生长发育，表现为增施氮肥效果最好，而磷、钾和硼肥在干旱条件下相对增产效果明显高于灌溉条件; 同时施肥与灌溉之间存在着一定的正交互作用。因此，在干旱而缺乏灌溉的情况下，油菜的高产更加依赖于肥料的施用。Abstract: Seasonal drought often occurs in Southern China; however, the research related to effects of drought stress on NPKB fertilizer use efficiencies of rapeseed is few. Field experiments were carried out to study the differences of NPKB fertilizer use efficiencies of rapeseed under natural drought stress and timely irrigation during the wintering stage. The results show that the growth of rapeseed is obviously inhibited and yield is significantly decreased under the drought stress. The amplitude reductions of the various fertilizer treatments are different, and the order is-B＞-K＞-N-PNPKB, which indicates that reasonable and balanced fertilization could effectively improve the droughtresistance of rapeseed. The results also prove that the fertilization could promote plant growth and increase the yield of rapeseed significantly, especially for the N fertilization which has the best efficiency whether under the drought stress or adequate moisture condition, and the fertilizer use efficiencies of P, K and B under the drought stress are obviously higher than those under the adequate moisture condition. The fertilization and irrigation have some positive interactive effects on the yield of rapeseed. These results demonstrate that the fertilizer applications have more significant effects on the improvement of rapeseed yield under the drought stress, and the high yield of rapeseed is more dependent on the fertilization.
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Keywords:
- rapeseed /
- wintering period /
- drought stress /
- NPKB fertilizers /
- fertilizer use efficiency
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期刊类型引用(16)
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