Effects of long-term surface mulching and N addition on winter wheat yield and soil properties
-
摘要: 通过在陕西关中平原地区连续7年的田间定位试验，分析比较了3种地表覆盖模式（常规、覆草、覆膜）下不同施氮水平（N 0、120、240 kg /hm2）对冬小麦产量及土壤肥力的影响，旨为半湿润易旱区旱作农业选择合理栽培组合提供依据。结果表明，2002～2009年覆草处理小麦产量平均减产1.46%， 覆膜增产7.04%，施用氮肥平均增产42.72%，而N240与N120间无显著差异。试验进行第7季后对土壤肥力有如下影响：覆草及覆膜处理下土壤活性有机碳含量较常规分别增加37.57%、21.39%，覆草亦显著提高土壤有机碳、全氮、速效钾含量，较常规分别增加6.84%、4.40%、12.68%，而覆膜作用不显著。施氮量主要影响土壤活性有机碳、矿质氮、速效磷及pH值，施氮较不施氮依次增加6.03%、40.18%、-23.55%、-0.05个pH单位，与N120相比，N240对土壤矿质氮及pH值影响不显著。综上，在研究区一年一作条件下，覆草或覆膜处理增产潜力有限，但覆草配施适量氮肥模式具有明显增加土壤有机碳和速效钾含量的效果，亦对提高石灰性土壤养分有效性具有重要作用。Abstract: To determine reasonable cultivation mode for dry farming practice in the semi-humid prone to drought region, the effects of surface mulching and N addition on winter wheat yield and soil nutrients regimes were compared. The experiment was conducted during the seven consecutive years of 20022009 in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi province. The nine treatments consisted of three levels of mulching, namely, no mulching (NM), wheat straw mulching (WSM), plastic film mulching (PFM), and three nitrogen levels (N 0, 120 and 240 kg/ha). Soil samples were collected after wheat harvest in 2009 of a winter wheat-summer fallow system. In addition, wheat yields were also considered in the growing seasons of 20022009. The results showed that the yield was averagely decreased by 1.46% in the WSM treatment, and increased by 7.04% in the PFM treatment compared to the NM treatment of consecutive seven years. Moreover, the yield was averagely increased by 42.72% in the two nitrogen amended treatments compared to the no nitrogen addition treatment during 20022009, however, no significant differences between N application of 120 and 240 kg/ha treatments were found. Comparing with NM treatment, soil labile organic C content at the surface layer was significantly increased by 37.57% and 21.39% in the WSM and PFM treatments, respectively. In contrast with PFM, a significant increase of 6.84%, 4.40% and 12.68% in soil organic C, total N and available K was observed in WSM treatment, respectively. Soil labile organic C and mineral N were averagely increased by 6.03%, 40.18%, and available P and pH value were decreased by 23.55% and 0.05 pH unit in the two N amended treatments compared to the N0 treatment. In other words, these four soil parameters were significantly sensitive to different N rates. But there were no significant differences of mineral N and pH value between N120 and N240. In conclusion, there are no advantages on yield of WSM and PFM treatments in this experiment. Meanwhile, the planting mode of WSM combined with nitrogen application of 120 kg/ha can significantly increase soil organic C and available K content, and it is also a better way to improve the availability of soil nutrients in calcareous soil.
-
Keywords:
- mulching mode /
- N rate /
- wheat yield /
- soil characteristic
-
-
期刊类型引用(19)
1. 谢钧宇，白宇嫣，曹寒冰，张峰茂，史欣歌，刘一凡，李廷亮. 减氮覆膜下旱地麦田土壤团聚体中各物理组分的变化. 环境科学. 2024(10): 6028-6037 . 
百度学术
2. Zhiping HUANG，Shuojin WANG，Shutian LIU，Xianda HOU，Hongyan ZHENG，Jian DING，Changhong MI，Ling LU，Yanlin HOU. Summary on the Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization for Wheat. Meteorological and Environmental Research. 2020(05): 33-37+45 . 必应学术
3. 张治家，褚清河，周运宁，阎世江. 一种新型复合肥对小麦生长和产量的影响. 山西农业科学. 2019(02): 219-221+229 . 百度学术
4. 何红霞，李小涵，包明，李超，马小龙，何刚，邱炜红，王朝辉. 栽培模式对旱地小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响. 应用生态学报. 2019(02): 573-582 . 百度学术
5. 罗来超，王朝辉，惠晓丽，张翔，马清霞，包明，赵岳，黄明，王森. 覆膜栽培对旱地小麦籽粒产量及硫含量的影响. 作物学报. 2018(06): 886-896 . 百度学术
6. 何红霞，王朝辉，包明，马小龙，佘旭，何刚，邱炜红. 栽培模式对旱地小麦产量和籽粒养分含量的影响. 应用生态学报. 2018(03): 818-826 . 百度学术
7. 李蓉蓉，毛海兰. 地表覆盖方式对黄土旱塬区土壤碳氮的影响. 广东农业科学. 2017(01): 76-81 . 百度学术
8. 陈宝玉. 深沟造林条件下秸秆覆盖对土壤养分和盐分变化的影响. 绿色科技. 2017(03): 98-99 . 百度学术
9. 吴志乐. 长期模拟氮沉降对苦竹林土壤氮组分的影响. 四川林业科技. 2017(04): 10-14 . 百度学术
10. 李蓉蓉，王俊，毛海兰，付鑫. 秸秆覆盖对冬小麦农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响. 水土保持学报. 2017(03): 187-192 . 百度学术
11. 蔡铭阳，谢永生，索改弟，丁新辉. 地膜-秸秆双重覆盖模式下果园土壤养分含量研究. 干旱地区农业研究. 2016(06): 184-190+196 . 百度学术
12. 韦剑锋，陈涛，岑忠用，韦冬萍，胡江如. 施氮量对木薯养分吸收和土壤有效养分平衡的影响. 土壤. 2016(05): 873-878 . 百度学术
13. 张建军，樊廷录，党翼，赵刚，王磊，李尚中. 揭膜时期和施氮量对陇东旱塬春玉米群体生理指标及产量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料. 2016(04): 90-96 . 百度学术
14. 李小刚，李凤民. 旱作地膜覆盖农田土壤有机碳平衡及氮循环特征. 中国农业科学. 2015(23): 4630-4638 . 百度学术
15. 郑宝柱. 地表覆盖方式对冬小麦产量影响及其原因分析. 贵州农业科学. 2014(11): 114-118 . 百度学术
16. 张向前，黄国勤，赵其国. 间作条件下秸秆覆盖对玉米叶片光合特性和产量的影响. 中国生态农业学报. 2014(04): 414-421 . 百度学术
17. 葛均筑，李淑娅，钟新月，袁国印，徐莹，田少阳，曹凑贵，翟中兵，刘诗晴，展茗，赵明. 施氮量与地膜覆盖对长江中游春玉米产量性能及氮肥利用效率的影响. 作物学报. 2014(06): 1081-1092 . 百度学术
18. 蒋耿民，李援农，周乾. 不同揭膜时期和施氮量对陕西关中地区夏玉米生理生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2013(05): 1065-1072 . 本站查看
19. 张涛，李永夫，姜培坤，周国模，秦华，林琳. 长期集约经营对雷竹林土壤碳氮磷库特征的影响. 土壤学报. 2012(06): 1170-1177 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(37)
计量
- 文章访问数: 5264
- HTML全文浏览量: 226
- PDF下载量: 1487
- 被引次数: 56
下载:
