Abstract: The soil column simulation experiment was used to study the effects of combined application of green manure matching with inorganic fertilizers on cotton growth and fertilizer use efficiency.The results show that at the blossoming and boll forming stages, SPAD values of cotton leaves of the green manure incorporated treatment are significantly increased compared with the single fertilizer treatment, which indicates that the green manure incorporated treatment has a significant influence on chlorophyll content of cotton and is helpful to the uptakes of cottons nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The seed cotton yield of the green manure incorporated treatment is increased by 30% compared with the single fertilizer treatment. The application of green manure matching with 70% inorganic fertilizers does not decrease the amount of cottons nutrient accumulation, the seed cotton yield and fertilizer use efficiency, moreover, the cottons fertilizer agronomic efficiency is significantly higher than those of the treatments matching with 100% and 85% inorganic fertilizers.