Spatial characteristics of soil available nutrients in the major grain-producing region of Xi’an, China
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摘要: 本研究旨在揭示西安市粮食主产区耕层土壤速效养分现状，为区域平衡施肥、耕地保养和农业生产提供科学指导和理论基础。选取西安市辖的长安区、户县和周至县的农业区，综合运用传统统计学、地统计学和GIS技术，结合3414田间试验结果，研究耕层土壤速效氮、磷和钾的空间变异特征，丰缺格局及其影响因子。结果表明，当前耕层土壤速效氮、磷和钾平均含量分别为59.06 mg/kg、21.26 mg/kg、127.66 mg/kg，比值介于1:1:2～5:1:15，空间含量分布主要呈东西向趋势，表现出明显的城乡过渡特征。在样点间距约500 m的采样尺度下，土壤速效养分的块金系数介于0.533～0.710，均表现出中等强度的空间相关性，空间变异性是由地形地貌、土壤类型、质地等自然因素和施肥、灌溉等人为因素共同作用的结果。整体上，土壤速效钾含量丰富；速效磷较丰富，仅1.14%耕地缺乏；速效氮普遍不高，50.78%的耕地缺乏。盲目施肥和养分利用率低是农业生产的主要障碍因素。今后的生产实践中应密切关注钾的消耗、氮的补充和磷肥的控制，平衡土壤养分，提升区域经济和生态效益。Abstract: The objectives of this research were to find out the present situation of soil available nutrients in the major grain-producing farmlands in Xian City, Shaanxi Province, which is the theoretical basis for the balanced fertilization, farmland fertility maintenance and efficient agricultural production. Based on the GIS technology and taking the agricultural regions of Changan District, Hu County and Zhouzhi County in Xian City as the research area, the spatial variability, supplying availability and the main influencing factors of soil available N, P and K were analyzed using statistics and geostatistics combined with the results of 3414 experiments. The average contents of soil available N, P and K are 59.06 mg/kg, 21.26 mg/kg and 127.66 mg/kg with the N:P:K ratio ranging from 1:1:2 to 5:1:15, showing obvious urban-rural transition trends (East-West direction). Under 500 m sampling scale, the nugget to sill ratios of the available nutrientsare 0.533-0.710, in the range of moderate spatial dependence. The nutrient spatial variability is affected not only by natural factors including topography, geography, soil types and textures, but also by human activities such as fertilization and irrigation. In the area studied, soil available K is abundant as a whole, P and Nare lack in 1.14% and 50.78% of farmland respectively. Not scientific fertilization and induced low N efficiencies are the main obstacles in the grain production.
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Keywords:
- geostatistics /
- available nitrogen /
- available phosphorus /
- available potassium /
- farmland /
- spatial characteristics /
- Xi’an City
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