Effects of organic material application on the structures of humic acids in low yield paddy soil
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摘要: 【目的】研究有机物料施入对白土土壤的腐殖质含量组成和胡敏酸(HA)结构特征的影响，为明确不同腐殖质组分对土壤肥力的影响提供理论依据。【方法】供试土壤为江苏省溧阳市南渡镇“白土改良大田示范试验核心区”的南方中低产水稻土(白土)。试验设秸秆还田(ST)、 施有机肥(OM)和对照(CK，不施有机物)3个处理，培肥3年。同时采集试验田周围相邻的江苏省耕地质量监测点(20072013年)的每年施化肥(LAF)和长期不施肥(NF)的两种处理土壤进行比对研究。分别测定土壤的基本理化性质及其腐殖质含量的组成，并提取土壤胡敏酸(HA)固体样品利用红外光谱和元素分析来进行结构表征。【结果】秸秆还田和施有机肥处理的有机碳、全氮含量明显高于对照;与对照相比，施有机物料土壤HA 的E4/E6比值增加，且秸秆还田施有机肥对照。红外光谱显示，试验区域和耕地监测点的不同处理土壤HA均在1650 cm-1处 (酰胺I带)和1550 cm-1处(15001580 cm-1 酰胺II带伸缩振动)有特征吸收。施有机肥和秸秆还田处理土壤HA的 2920/1720、2920/1650比值显著大于对照。在元素组成上，OM、ST处理的土壤腐殖质(HA)中C、H、N的含量比均高于CK，相对长期施化肥(LAF)和不施肥(NF)的土壤有明显提高，而氧元素的含量呈降低的趋势;OM和ST处理土壤HA的[H]/[C]和[O]/[C]原子数比均低于CK;与LAF和NF处理相比，试验区域各处理土壤腐殖质的[H]/[C]和[O]/[C]原子数比均有明显降低。【结论】有机物料施入土壤后可增加土壤有机碳含量，改善土壤理化性质，提高作物产量和品质，且施入土壤的有机物料可转化为新的腐殖质，降低土壤的腐殖化程度。土壤腐殖质(HA)的红外光谱分析说明，白土土壤HA具有明显的酰胺类化合物特征。有机物料施入后使得土壤脂族性增强，羧基量减少，芳香度降低;秸秆还田和施有机肥处理与对照相比，土壤HA的[H]/[C]和[O]/[C]比均有下降的趋势，且HA的氮素含量明显增加，这显示有机物料施入后白土土壤腐殖质发生“脱水”过程，同时也反映了白土土壤腐殖质形成的特征。Abstract: 【Objectives】 The effects of organic material application on the composition of humic substances and the structure of humic acids (HA)in low yield white soil is important to reveal the mechanisms of that how different components of humus improve soil fertility. 【Methods】The “Field experimental study site for enhancing white soil fertility”experiment has been conducted for three years in Nanduzhen, Liyang, Jiangsu Province. Three treatments: straw(ST), swine manure(OM) and no-organic materials (CK,control) were applied.The adjacent soil from the soil monitoring site (2007 - 2013) in Jiangsu Province with annual fertilizer (LAF) and no fertilizer application (NF) was used for comparisons. Soil physicochemical properties and compositions of soil humus were measured. Humic acids (HA) were extracted and the characteristics of HA were measured using infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. 【Results】 Soil organic C (SOC), total N in the straw (ST) and swine manure (OM) treatments were significantly higher than those in the no-organic materials treatment (CK). The E4/E6 ratio in HA is in the order of strawswine manurecontrol. According the infrared spectroscopy, the HA from different treatments in both study sites have the characteristic absorptions at 1650 cm-1 (amide I band) and 1550 cm-1 (1500-1800 cm-1 amide II band stretching) and the ratio of 2920/1720 and 2920/1650 of HA from the swine mature and straw treatments were significantly higher than those of the control. C, H and N contents of the HA in the swine mature and the straw treatments were also significantly higher than those in the control treatment and in the monitoring site with annual fertilizer and no fertilizer, however, oxygen contents of HA in the swine manure and the straw treatments were lower than those in the control. [H]/[C] and [O]/[C] ratios of the HA in the swine manure and the straw treatments were also significantly lower than those in the control treatment and the ratios in the experimental study site were lower than those in the monitoring site with annual fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. 【Conclusions】 Organic material applications in soils increase soil organic carbon content, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and increase the yield and quality of crops.The formation of new humic substances with the organic material application in the soils can lower humification degree. The infrared spectroscopy of HA in different treatments showed that the HA in paddy soils had obvious characteristic of amides compounds. Organic material application in the paddy soils couldenhance the aliphatic group, reduce the carboxyl and aromatic groups, and decrease [H]/[C] and [O]/[C] ratios in the organic material treatment and straw treatment, while the nitrogen content in the HA increased significantly. The results indicate that dehydrating processes have occurred in the humus and new humus has formed in the paddy soils after the addition of organic materials.
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Keywords:
- straw incorporation /
- organic material /
- paddy soil /
- soil humus /
- amide compounds
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