• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

基于响应曲面模型优化施硼方式提升烤烟上部叶质量

Optimization of boron fertilizer application method using response surface design model for high-quality upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco

  • 摘要:
    目的 缺硼影响烤烟的产量和质量。借助响应曲面模型研究建立烟草硼肥高效施用技术。
    方法 以烤烟品种‘中川208’为试材,在四川泸州进行了3因素3水平田间试验,供试土壤为黄壤,有效硼含量为0.34 mg/kg。3个硼砂基施量分别为9、12、15 kg/hm2;3个喷施浓度分别为硼砂0.10%、0.25%、0.40%;3个喷施时期分别为移栽后60、70、80天,以Box-Behnken软件设计了16个处理,另设不施硼砂对照。分析了B2F等级初烤烟叶的外观质量、化学成分和评吸质量。利用响应曲面模型,比较了3个施肥因素对烤烟上部叶质量的影响程度,提出了最优的硼砂施用组合。
    结果 与CK相比,施硼处理的烟叶化学成分得分提高了0.17%~11.70%,评吸得分提高了2.96%~10.26%,烟叶外观结构、油分和色度也不同程度的提高。施用硼肥提高了烤烟上部叶质量综合得分,与对照相比提升了2.04%~8.40%,以基施硼砂12 kg/hm2、喷施硼砂为0.25%和在移栽后70天喷施的处理组合综合质量得分最高。据试验结果建立的响应曲面优化设计模型的P值小于0.0001,模型失拟项的P值大于0.05,表明模型模拟效果精确度高。利用该模型分析得出,施硼方法对烤烟上部叶的影响依次为基施量>喷施时期>喷施浓度,硼肥基施量与喷施浓度有显著交互作用,对上部叶质量得分影响最大。
    结论 在缺硼植烟土壤上,施用硼肥可以有效提升烤烟的外观、气味和综合品质。经响应曲面分析,硼肥最佳施用方法为:基施硼砂12.20 kg/hm2配合移栽后67天喷施0.26%硼砂。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Boron (B) deficiency affects the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. We propose an efficient B fertilizer technology for high-quality tobacco production using a response surface design model – the suitable combination of soil application and spraying of boron fertilizer in boron-deficient tobacco-growing soils.
    Methods A field experiment was conducted with flue-cured tobacco variety Zhongchuan 208 as the study material, and borax was the source of boron fertilizer. Three factors and three levels of borax basal application rate (9 kg/hm2, 12 kg/hm2, and 15 kg/hm2), spraying concentration (0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.40%), and application period (60, 70, and 80 days after transplanting) were set, giving 16 treatments designed using software Box-Behnken. The appearance quality, chemical composition, and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves at the beginning of B2F grade were investigated. The effects of borax application rate, period, and concentration were compared using the response surface design model, and the optimal borax application method was proposed.
    Results Compared with CK, under different levels of boron fertilizer treatment, the chemical composition score of tobacco leaves increased by 0.17%–11.70%, and the smoking score increased by 2.96%–10.26%. Similarly, the appearance structure, oil content, and aroma of tobacco leaves were improved. The application of boron fertilizer improved the comprehensive quality score of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco by 2.04%–8.40% compared with the control. The comprehensive quality score of the treatment combination with 12 kg/hm2 of borax, spraying concentration of 0.25%, and the application period of 70 days after transplanting was the highest. The P-value of the response surface optimization design model based on the test results was <0.0001; the P-value of the model mismatch was >0.05, indicating that the model simulation effect was accurate and reliable. It was concluded that the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco were affected by boron fertilizer in the order basal application rate > application period> spraying concentration. The interaction between boron fertilizer basal application rate and spraying concentration had the greatest influence on the quality score of the upper leaves of tobacco.
    Conclusions Applying borax to boron deficient tobacco-growing soil could effectively improve flue-cured tobacco's appearance, smell, and comprehensive quality. According to the response surface analysis, it is best to apply 12.20 kg/hm2 of borax combined with spraying at 0.26% and 67 days after transplanting.

     

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