• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

施氮方式与添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂对稻季NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响

Effects of nitrogen application methods combined with urease/nitrification inhibitor on decreasing NH3 volatilization and N2O emission in rice season

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  分析施肥方式及添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂对稻田NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响，基于稻田NH3和N2O减排的效果评价优化施肥措施的可行性。
      方法  在太湖地区开展为期两年的稻季田间小区试验，供试脲酶抑制剂为N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺 (NBPT)，硝化抑制剂为对羟基苯丙酸甲酯 (MHPP)，用量为施氮量的1%。设置6个处理：1)不施氮肥对照 (CK)；2)表施尿素N 300 kg/hm2 (当地常规施肥，CN)；3)表施尿素N 225 kg/hm2 (RNB)；4)尿素N 225 kg/hm2，50%表施，50%深施 (RND)；5)表施尿素N 225 kg/hm2+NBPT+MHPP (RNB+DI)；6)尿素N 225 kg/hm2+NBPT+MHPP，50%表施，50%深施 (RND+DI)。每次施肥后两周内，用密闭式抽气法监测稻田NH3挥发，在水稻生育期内用静态箱—气相色谱法监测稻田N2O排放。
      结果  1) NH3挥发主要发生在每次施氮后7天内，CN、RNB和RNB+DI处理基肥和分蘖肥施用后的NH3挥发量占总挥发量的86.63%～91.76%；稻季N2O排放峰期主要出现在每次施肥后一周内和中期烤田期。2) RNB比CN处理可减少NH3挥发总量29.69%～39.41%和N2O排放总量13.43%～23.37%。3) RND比RNB处理可减少NH3挥发总量53.50%～72.05%和N2O排放总量16.66%～23.43%。4) RNB+DI比RNB处理可减少NH3挥发总量9.57%～22.27%和N2O排放总量8.77%～15.67%。5) RND+DI比CN处理可减少NH3挥发总量76.89%～82.29%和N2O排放总量37.98%～48.71%。
      结论  尿素总氮投入减少25%，50%由撒施改为基肥深施，并添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂，可显著减少稻季NH3挥发和N2O总排放，特别是降低NH3挥发的效果更佳；将这3种措施组合集成的RND+DI处理减排效果最佳。该综合集成措施的实际操作性强，为在水稻生产上推广应用提供了技术支撑。

     

    Abstract:
      Objectives  NH3 volatilization and N2O emission from paddy fields were determined under different fertilization methods and urease/nitrification inhibitor addition, to optimize fertilization measures.
      Methods  A two-year paddy field experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake region. The urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP) were applied at 1% urea-N. The six treatments include no N application (CK), broadcasted urea N at 300 kg/hm2 (conventional fertilization, CN), broadcasted urea N at 225 kg/hm2 (RNB), 50% in deep urea N application at 225 kg/hm2 (RND), broadcasted urea N application at 225 kg/hm2+NBPT+MHPP (RNB+DI), and 50% in deep urea N placement at 225 kg/hm2+NBPT+MHPP (RND+DI). The dynamic chamber technique was used to monitor NH3 volatilization flux from the paddy field within two weeks after fertilization. The static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to monitor N2O emission flux from paddy field across the rice season.
      Results  1) The NH3 volatilization lasted for 7 days after fertilization. The total NH3 volatilization after broadcasting basal and tillering fertilizer accounted for 86.63%–91.76% of the total NH3 volatilization. The N2O emission flux peaks appeared after fertilization and halfway through aeration. 2) Compared with the CN, RNB decreased total NH3 volatilization and N2O emission by 29.69%–39.41% and 13.43%–23.37%, respectively. 3) Compared with the broadcasted urea application (RNB), deep placement of urea (RND) decreased total NH3 volatilization and N2O emission by 53.50%–72.05% and 16.66%–23.43%, respectively (P<0.05). 4) Compared with RNB, RNB+DI decreased total NH3 volatilization and N2O emission by 9.57%–22.27% and 8.77%–15.67%. 5) Compared with CN, RND+DI (P<0.05) decreased total NH3 volatilization and N2O emission by 76.89%–82.29% and 37.98%–48.71%.
      Conclusions  NH3 volatilization and N2O emission can be decreased by reducing the N application rate, N-fertilizer deep placement and adding inhibitors in urea, which had a better effect on NH3 volatilization reduction. The combination of these optimized N fertilization measures can achieve optimum NH3 and N2O emissions reduction effects. The comprehensive integration measure is feasible in practice and provides technical support for promoting rice production.

     

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