• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

人参果生育期根际土壤细菌结构对施氮量的响应

Response of rhizosphere bacterial community structure to nitrogen application rate during ginseng fruit (Solanum muricatum Aiton) growth stages

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究不同氮(N)素水平对人参果生育期内根际土壤细菌群落组成和多样性的影响，为人参果合理施肥提供理论依据。
    方法 人参果 (Solanum muricatum Aiton) 田间试验于2020、2021年在甘肃省武威市进行。试验设施N 0、50、100、150 kg/hm2 4个处理，记为N0、N50、N100、N150。氮肥等分为5份，每隔30 天随滴灌施入一次，共计5次，追肥前1天进行根际土壤样品采集，分析土壤细菌多样性和结构组成。
    结果 与N0处理相比，N50处理提高了开花期—成熟期土壤细菌α-多样性，其中Shannon、Chao1和ACE (abundance coverage-based estimator)指数分别平均提高了1.19%、4.46%和4.86%；N100处理土壤细菌α-多样性与N0相近，而N150处理分别降低了3.31%、2.79%和6.20%。人参果根际优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria，30.80%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes，4.77%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota，5.88%)、蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria，1.16%)、泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota，1.24%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota，7.21%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota，4.02%)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota，4.81%)、粘球菌门(Myxococcota，3.60%)。与N0相比，N50处理提高了开花期—成熟期厚壁菌门、酸杆菌门、泉古菌门、粘球菌门和芽单胞菌门的相对丰度；N100、N150处理的酸杆菌门相对丰度分别降低了2.99%、15.66%。人参果根际核心菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、德沃斯菌属(Devosia)、RB41、MND1和Haliangium等。与N0处理相比，人参果生育期内N50处理根际假单胞菌属、德沃斯菌属的相对丰度分别增加了8.07%、32.41%，N100有利于MND1菌属的生长繁殖，而N150处理降低了RB41、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、MND1和Haliangium的相对丰度。
    结论 中低施氮水平对人参果根际土壤细菌的多样性无不利影响，还可提高根际假单胞菌属、德沃斯菌属、MND1、Haliangium、鞘氨醇单胞菌属等有益菌属的相对丰度，有利于维护根系生长的健康环境。而高量氮肥会抑制人参果生育中后期根际细菌的多样性和促生菌的生长，因此，种植人参果应将氮肥水平控制在50～100 kg/hm2。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We studied the effects of nitrogen (N) application rates on bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil of ginseng fruit, so as to provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization and maintain a health rhizospheric environment for the cultivation of ginseng fruit.
    Methods Field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 in Wuwei City, Gansu Province. Four N rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/hm2 (denoted as N0, N50, N100 and N150) were designed. All the designed nitrogen fertilizers were evenly divided into five parts, and applied with drip irrigation in frequency of every 30 days. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected one day before topdressing for determination of bacterial diversity and community composition, using high-throughput sequencing method.
    Results Compared with N0, N50 increased Shannon, Chao1 and ACE (abundance coverage-based estimator) index by 1.19%, 4.46% and 4.86%, respectively, N100 did not change them significantly, while N150 decreased them by 3.31%, 2.79% and 6.20%. At the phylum level, the dominant bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil were Proteobacteria (30.80%), Firmicutes (4.77%), Acidobacteriota (5.88%), Cyanobacteria (1.16%), Crenarchaeota (1.24%), Bacteroidota (7.21%), Actinobacteriota (4.02%), Gemmatimonadota (4.81%), Myxococcota (3.60%). Compared with N0, N50 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Acidobacteriota, Crenarchaeota, Myxococcota and Gemmatimonadota from flowering to maturity, while N100 and N150 decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota by 2.99% and 15.66%. Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Devosia, RB41, MND1 and Haliangium were core genus of ginseng fruit. Compared with N0, N50 enriched Pseudomonas by 8.07% and Devosia by 32.41%, N100 was beneficial to the growth and reproduction of MND1, while N150 inhibited RB41, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, MND1 and Haliangium.
    Conclusions Medium and low N application rate is conducive to the diversity of bacteria community and the enrichment of core genus in rhizosphere, such as Pseudomonas, Devosia, MND1, Haliangium, Sphingomonas, which could maintain a healthy microenvironment of rhizosphere for root growth. N level of 50−100 kg/hm2 is recommended for ginseng fruit cultivation.

     

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