• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

深耕配合施用有机肥提高15—30 cm土层小麦根长密度

Deep tillage combined with organic fertilizer improves the root length density of wheat in 15−30 cm soil layer

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 耕作方式与有机物料影响小麦根系生长和产量，比较不同耕作方式和施用不同有机物料条件下小麦根系生长的特征，为建立合理的耕作方式与有机物料配合方案提供理论依据和技术支撑。
    方法 田间定位试验位于安徽舒城，始于2016年。于2019年10月—2020年5月，选取其中旋耕+秸秆还田(RS)、深耕+秸秆还田(DS)、旋耕+有机肥(RM)、深耕+有机肥(DM) 4个处理小区，监测小麦根系生长特征；小麦收获后测量土壤紧实度，并采集0—15和15—30 cm土样，分析土壤理化性质；每年小麦成熟期调查小麦产量。
    结果 与旋耕相比，深耕处理显著降低了15—30 cm土层中土壤紧实度，平均降低幅度为18.02%，且增加了小麦根长密度，平均增加幅度为10.23%。深耕配合有机肥处理(DM) 15—30 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量最高，较其他处理的提升幅度分别为10.42%～16.56%、8.18%～45.12%、21.53%～29.13%；小麦根长密度提升幅度最大，小麦整个生育期平均较其他处理提升了10.88%～22.91%，其中在0—15、15—30、30—45 cm土层中的平均提升幅度分别为8.69%～18.67%、12.29%～27.99%、12.62%～30.61%。偏最小二乘法路径模型(PLS-PM)分析表明，耕作方式主要是通过降低土壤紧实度，增施有机物料主要是通过提高土壤养分含量，来促进小麦根系生长，且在15—30 cm土层中土壤养分和紧实度对小麦根长密度的影响程度强于0—15 cm土层。
    结论 深耕结合有机肥更有利于降低土壤紧实度、提高土壤养分含量、促进小麦根系生长，尤其在15—30 cm土层，小麦根长密度显著增加，这有利于深土层根系的增加，进而实现小麦的高产稳产。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Tillage practices and organic matter affect the root growth and yield of crop. In this study, we studied the wheat root growth under different tillage practices and organic materials, aiming to create an ideal root growth environment for the efficient crop production.
    Methods The field experiment was located in Shucheng, Anhui, and started since 2016. From Oct 2019 to May 2020, the wheat root growth was monitored in the treatment plots of rotary tillage + straw return (RS), deep tillage + straw return (DS), rotary tillage + organic fertilizer (RM), and deep tillage + organic fertilizer (DM). At harvest of wheat in May 2020, the wheat yields in the four treatments were investigated, and the soil compaction and the soil fertility in 0−15 cm and 15−30 cm soil layers were all determined in the wheat mature period from October 2019 to May 2020.
    Results Deep tillage treatments (DM and DS) reduced soil compaction by 18.02% and increased wheat root length density by 10.23% in the 15−30 cm soil layer, compared to the rotary tillage treatments (RM and RS). DM treatment was recorded the highest organic matter, total N and available P in 15−30 cm soil layer, which were 10.42%−16.56%, 8.18%−45.12%, and 21.53%−29.13% higher than those in other treatments, respectively. In DM treatment plots, the length density of wheat root was 10.88%−22.91% higher than in other treatment plots across the whole growth stage, and for soil layer 0−15 cm, 15−30 cm, and 30−45 cm, the increases were 8.69%−18.67%, 12.29%−27.99%, and 12.62%−30.61%, respectively. The partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis showed that the root growth effect of tillage methods was mainly reducing soil compaction and that of organic materials was improving soil nutrient, and the effects of soil compaction and nutrient contents on the root length density of wheat was stronger at 15−30 cm soil layer than at 0−15 cm layer.
    Conclusions Deep tillage combined with organic fertilizer could reduce soil compaction and improve soil nutrient contents, thus allow wheat to develop high root length density in soil profile, especially in the 15−30 cm soil layer to attain the high and stable yield of wheat.

     

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