• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

有机物料输入对作物土传病害防控作用的Meta分析

Meta-analysis on soil-borne crop diseases suppression by organic material input

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究外源有机物料输入对作物土传病害的防控效应。
    方法 在Web of Science、Springer、中国知网(CNKI)、万方、维普、Google Scholar 等中英文数据库，以“长期定位试验”、各类有机肥、主要土壤理化性状指标和5种常见病虫害为关键词，筛选出研究地点在中国的论文128篇，提取有效田间数据953组。此外，于云南省保山市、丽江市和石林县209个地块采集土壤样品，测定包括有效态中、微量元素在内的土壤理化性质，微生物生物量碳氮含量以及酶活性，共获得田间试验数据297组。采用相关性分析和结构方程模型探究土壤主要化学和生物学指标与作物土传病害发生的关系，采用Meta分析评估有机物料输入对各指标的影响。
    结果 有机物料输入可显著提高酸性土壤pH和有机质、有效磷、速效钾、水解氮含量，显著降低盐碱土pH (P<0.05)，提高交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌、有效铜、有效铁、有效锰和有效硼含量，降低交换性铝含量(P<0.05)，显著提高土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量 (P<0.05)。有机物料输入对作物土传病害发病率具有抑制作用，发病率平均可显著降低49.7% (P<0.05)，且对细菌性和真菌性土传病害的抑制效果显著高于对线虫性土传病害的效果；此外，结构方程模型和Meta分析表明，土壤pH降低是作物土传病害发生的重要驱动因素。相关性分析表明，土壤有机质、有效磷、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硼以及土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤pH呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，土壤pH与土壤交换性铝呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。
    结论 有机物料输入可显著提高土壤养分含量、酶活性以及微生物生物量碳和氮含量；并可通过降低土壤交换性铝含量，提高土壤有机质、有效磷、交换性钙和交换性镁等含量以及土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶和蔗糖酶活性，降低作物土传病害发病率。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This paper aimed to explore the prevention effect of exogenous organic material input on soil-borne diseases of crops.
    Methods In database Web of Science, Springer, CNKI, WanFang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Google Scholar, we screened literatures with keywords long-term experiment, all kinds of organic fertilizers, main soil physiochemical properties, and the five widely happened pest disease, and total 128 literatures with experimetal sites in China were screened out, and 953 sets of effective data were extracted from the literatures. In addition, soil samples were collected in 209 fields located in Baoshan, Lijiang, and Shilin of Yunnan Province, 297 groups of soil data were obtained. The relationship between the main soil physiochemical and biological properties and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases was analyzed using correlation analysis and structural equation model. The influence of organic material input on each tested index and the incidence of soil-borne diseases was analyzed using meta-analysis method.
    Results The input of organic materials significantly increased acid soil pH, organic matter, and available P, K, and N, significantly reduced the pH of saline-alkali soil (P<0.05). Input of organic materials also increased exchangeable Ca and Mg, and available Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and B, but decreased exchangeable Al (P<0.05). The input of organic fertilizers reduced incidence of soil-borne diseases by 49.7%, and showed higher prevention on the soil-borne diseases caused by bacteria and fungi than those by nematode (P<0.05). Structural equation model and meta-analysis showed that soil pH reduction was an important driving factor for the incidence of soil-borne diseases. Soil organic matter, available P, exchangeable Ca and Mg, available B and soil sucrase activity were positively correlated with soil pH (P<0.05), and soil pH was negatively correlated with soil exchangeable Al (P<0.05).
    Conclusions The long-term application of organic fertilizers can significantly increase the content and availability of soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, thereby increase pH of acid soils, and prevent the occurrence of main bacterial and fungal soil-borne diseases to some extent.

     

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