• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

适量氮肥和缩节胺配施提高黄河流域棉区棉花产量的机理

Mechanism of suitable nitrogen and mepiquat chloride combination rate on increasing the yield of cotton in the cotton-growing region of Yellow River valley

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨适量氮肥和缩节胺(DPC)配施提高棉花产量的机理，为合理施用氮肥和DPC提供科学依据。
    方法 2015—2017年，在郑州市黄河滩区进行了双因素裂区设计田间试验。主区为3个氮肥用量，即：不施氮肥(N0)、施用常量氮肥(N1，225 kg/hm2)和过量氮肥(N2，450 kg/hm2)；副区为3个DPC用量，即：不喷施DPC (D0)、喷施常量DPC (D1，75 g/hm2)和过量DPC (D2，150 g/hm2)。调查测定了叶片SPAD值、器官干物质质量和含氮量、“四桃”数量及产量等。
    结果 不同施氮量下，棉花皮棉产量表现为N1>N2>N0。不同DPC用量下，籽棉和皮棉产量均表现为D1>D2>D0。氮肥与DPC用量组合对衣分及籽棉产量有显著互作效应(P<0.05)，对皮棉产量有极显著互作效应(P<0.01)。与N1D1相比，N0D0组合叶片SPAD值低，干物质和氮素更多在茎枝部位积累，造成总产量下降。但在N0条件下，D1较D0处理显著增加了叶片SPAD值、总铃数和铃重，进而提高了产量。N1D1组合表现最佳，干物质和N素更多的分配到蕾铃器官，棉花的伏前桃和伏桃以及棉株1～10果枝成铃较多，成铃数、铃重和衣分协调，其皮棉产量达1949.52 kg/hm2，比N0D0和N2D2组合分别增加106.75%和20.36%。N2D2组合过高的叶片SPAD值导致干物质和氮素较多分配至叶片中，影响了棉花的生殖生长。
    结论 氮肥与缩节胺用量对棉花衣分以及籽棉和皮棉产量的互作效应显著。常量氮肥配合常量缩节胺情况下，干物质和氮素更多地分配在蕾铃部位，且成铃时空分布合理，最终获得高产。过量施用氮肥需要配合过量缩节胺来克服过度营养生长，以维持皮棉产量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The mechanism of suitable nitrogen fertilizer and mepiquat chloride (DPC) combination rate on increasing cotton yield was studied to provide supporting theories for the practical application of nitrogen and DPC in cotton.
    Methods Cotton field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2017 in the Yellow River beach area of Zhengzhou City. A split-plot design was employed in this work. The main plots were assigned to N fertilizer rates, namely no N application (N0), normal N application (N1) and excessive N application (N2), with rates of N 0, 225 and 450 kg/hm2, respectively. And the subplots to DPC dosages, namely no DPC application (D0), normal DPC application (D1) and excessive DPC application (D2), with dosages of 0, 75 and 150 g/hm2, respectively. The SPAD value of leaves, dry matter weight and N content of different organs, the number of “four peach” and yield of cotton were determined.
    Results The lint yield of cotton under different N rates was N1>N2>N0. The seed cotton yield and lint yield demonstrated an order with different DPC dosages of D1>D2>D0. The interaction of N and DPC combination reached 0.05 significant level on lint percentage and seed cotton yield, and 0.01 significant level on lint yield. Compared with N1D1, the N0D0 combination displayed lower SPAD value and higher dry matter and N accumulation in the stems and branches, resulting in reduced yield. Under N0 condition, D1 was recorded significantly higher SPAD value, total boll number, boll weight, and higher yield compared with D0. Among all the combinations, N1D1 showed optimal effect due to the highest proportion of dry matter and N distribution in the buds and bolls, more pre-summer and summer bolls, more bolls setting on the 1st−10th fruit branches, and synchronous boll number, boll weight and lint percentage. The lint yield of N1D1 combination was 1949.52 kg/hm2, which was 106.75% and 20.36% higher than N0D0 and N2D2, respectively. Compared with N1D1, the SPAD value of leaves became higher with the combination of N2D2 while more dry matter and N distributed to leaves at this time.
    Conclusions N and DPC exhibit a significant interaction on lint percentage, seed cotton yield and lint yield. The combination of normal N application rate and DPC dosage benefits the allocation of dry matter and N accumulation in the buds and bolls, as well as the reasonable spatial and temporal distribution of boll-setting, resulting in higher yield. Excessive application of N rate requires high DPC dosage to offset the adverse impact on yield caused by over vegetative growth.

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(29)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回