• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

蚯蚓联合生防细菌Bacillus velezensis改善连作百合土壤细菌群落结构及防治枯萎病的效果

Earthworm combined with Bacillus velezensis improves bacterial community structure and the control effect of Fusarium wilt diseases of continuous cropping lily

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 从土壤理化性状和微生物群落结构及多样性角度，研究蚯蚓联合生防细菌改善百合连作障碍的机理和效果，为湖南百合产业化种植提供技术措施。
    方法 采用盆栽试验方法，在湖南长沙连续种植了两季百合 (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)。供试土壤为红壤，生防菌为Bacillales velezensis YFB3-1菌液(菌体浓度为109 CFU/mL)，蚯蚓为赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)。试验设单施菌液(T1)、只接种蚯蚓(T2)、同时使用菌液和蚯蚓(T3) 3个处理，以不使用菌剂和蚯蚓为对照(CK)。调查了两茬百合产量和枯萎病病情指数，分析了第二茬百合根际土壤理化性质、细菌群落结构和多样性，以及连作百合产量与根际土壤理化性质、细菌群落和枯萎病的相关性。
    结果 与第一茬相比，同一处理的第二茬百合产量都显著下降。两年连作百合产量都以同时使用菌液和蚯蚓(T3)处理为最高，分别为16464、15674 kg/hm2，都显著高于同年份其他处理。两年连作百合枯萎病发病率和病情指数都以T3为最低，都显著低于同年份其他处理，T3处理百合枯萎病病情指数分别为18.15 (2019年)、25.00 (2020年)，并且两年的防治效果 (T3) 都明显优于单施菌液 (T1) 和接种蚯蚓 (T2)。相比于对照 (CK)， 2019、2020年T3处理百合枯萎病防治效果分别为44.55%、37.66%，分别增产15.05%、14.78%。蚯蚓联合生防菌YFB3-1增加了根际土壤Rhizobiales、Flavobacteriales、Pseudomonadales、Bacillales等有益微生物的种群丰度，蚯蚓与生防菌YFB3-1在抑制连作百合枯萎病方面具有显著的互作效应，因而缓解连作百合产量下降的效果最佳。
    结论 在施用芽孢杆菌生防菌剂防治连作百合枯萎病的同时，可以增施有机肥 (牛粪) 来提高土壤中蚯蚓数量，有效预防百合枯萎病发生，减少连作百合产量损失。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We studied the effect and mechanism of earthworm and biocontrol bacteria strain on improving physiochemical properties, and microbial structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping lily, to propose an effective measurement to alleviate the impaction of Fusarium wilt diseases on the industry of lily production in Hunan Province.
    Methods A pot experiment was conducted in Changsha City, Hunan Province. The test crop lily (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.) was cultured in 2019 and 2020 continuously. The test bacteria strain was Bacillales velezensis YFB3-1 liquid (bacterial concentration ×109 CFU/mL), and the earthworm was Eisenia fetida. The four treatments included neither applying bacteria nor earthworm control (CK), merely applying bacteria liquid (T1), earthworm (T2), and the combination use of bacteria strain and earthworm (T3). The yield and Fusarium wilt diseases of lily were investigated. The rhizosphere soil were sampled after the harvest of the second lily crop for the determination of soil physiochemical properties, bacterial community structures and diversities.
    Results Compared with the first crop, the yield of the second lily crop of the same treatment was significantly reduced. The highest yield of lily was all recorded in T3 treatment in 2019 and 2020 two years (16464 kg/hm2, and 15674 kg/hm2, respectively), which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other treatments in the same year. The diseases incidence and disease index was the lowest in T3 treatment (18.15 and 25.00, respectively) in the two years as well, which were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in the other treatments in the same year. T3 treatment had stronger control effect on lily wilt diseases (P<0.05) than T1 and T2 treatment did in two years. The lily wilt diseases incidence in T3 treatment was 44.55% and 37.66% lower than in CK, and the lily yield was 15.05%, and 14.78% higher than in CK in 2019 and 2020. T3 treatment increased the population abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Rhizobiales, Flavobacteriales, Pseudomonadales and Bacillales in the rhizosphere soil of lily, and the bacteria strain and earthworm showed significant interaction effects in inhibiting Fusarium wilt diseases of continuous cropping lily, thus alleviated the yield decline of continuous cropping lily.
    Conclusions While using Bacillus biocontrol agent to control the continuous cropping lily wilt diseases, farmers should increase the number of earthworms by applying organic fertilizer (cow dung), for better preventing effect of the lily wilt diseases and less yield loss of continuous cropping lily.

     

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