我国甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究

孙洪仁; 张吉萍; 冮丽华; 王尚波; 王志栋

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2024074

我国甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究

Criteria of soil available phosphorous and the corresponding phosphorus application rates for sugar beet in China

摘要

摘要:
目的甜菜是重要的糖料作物，土壤磷素供应和磷肥施用影响甜菜的产量和品质。为此，我们开展甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究。
方法采用“零散实验数据整合法”建立我国甜菜相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程。以“甜菜”“施肥”“磷”为主题词，在中国知网检索到相关论文44篇，剔除低质量试验数据后，共获得104组包含不施磷和施磷处理甜菜产量数据，及对应的土壤有效磷含量数据，建立不施磷甜菜相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的回归方程。参考“土壤养分丰缺分级改良方案”将土壤有效磷含量分为7级，将各节点不施磷甜菜相对产量带入建立的回归方程，计算出每个节点的土壤有效磷含量，作为甜菜土壤有效磷分级指标。采用“养分平衡—地力差减法新公式”，依据目标产量和磷肥利用率，计算了不同丰缺等级土壤的甜菜适宜施磷量。
结果我国甜菜缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程为：y=14.169 Ln(x)+46.679 (R²=0.3242，n=104，P<0.01)。我国甜菜土壤有效磷由高到低分为7个等级，对应的有效磷含量依次为≥44、22～44、11～22、6～11、3～6、1.5～3和<1.5 mg/kg。当甜菜目标产量为30～90 t/hm²、磷肥利用率为15%～35%时，有效磷第1～7级土壤的适宜施磷量分别为0、13～90、26～180、39～270、51～360、64～450、77～540 kg/hm²。
结论鉴于收集采用的数据样本量大且来源于高质量试验，本研究建立的我国甜菜缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的回归方程具有很好的可信度，依据该方程确定了土壤有效磷丰缺指标，进而若干目标产量和磷肥利用率下不同丰缺等级土壤的甜菜适宜施磷量得以推荐。

Abstract:
Objectives Sugar beet is an important sugar crop, soil phosphorous (P) availability and phosphorous fertilization heavily affect the yield and quality of sugar beets. Therefore, we studied the abundance-deficiency index of soil available phosphorus (SAP) and the appropriate phosphorus application rates (APAR) for sugar beet in China.
Methods The literature was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, using key words “sugar beet”, “fertilization”, and “P”, then the literature containing sugar beet yield under without and with P application and SAP content were screened out, and a total of 104 group of data were obtained. A regression equation was established between the relative yield of sugar beet without P application (RY) and SAP content. Referring the “improved soil nutrient abundance-deficiency grading system”, the SAP was divided into 7 grades from high to low, and the RY of sugar beet at the criterial SAP levels of each grade were used to calculate the corresponding SAP using the regression equation, and a specific grading system for sugar beet was established thereby. Using the nutrient balance formula “difference between target yield requirement and soil fertility supply”, the APAR for sugar beets were calculated under different target yields and phosphorous fertilizer use efficiencies.
Results The RY of sugar beet (y) and the SAP content (x) in China exhibited the following relationship, y=14.169 Ln(x)+46.679. The SAP were divided into 7 levels from extremely high to very low for sugar beet, they were ≥44, 22−44, 11−22, 6−11, 3−6, 1.5−3 and <1.5 mg/kg, respectively. For achieving phosphorus use efficiency of 15%−35%, and the target yield of sugar beet 30−90 t/hm², the corresponding P₂O₅ application rate under the seven abundance-deficiency grades of soil available P from extremely high to very low were 0, 13−90, 26−180, 39−270, 51−360, 64−450 and 77−540 kg/hm², respectively.
Conclusions The regression equation between the RY and SAP content is reliable due to the big enough data sample number from the high quality experiment. A soil P abundance-deficiency grading system is established specific for sugar beet. Appropriate phosphorous application rates have been proposed for target yield and soil fertility.

HTML全文

参考文献(78)

施引文献

资源附件(0)