Abstract: In the complex interaction networks within plant rhizosphere, root exudates act as carriers for material exchange and information transfer among plants, soil, and microorganisms. They are "language" in the rhizosphere dialogue, directing the activation of soil nutrients, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, recruitment of microorganisms, and promotion of microbial colonization and interactions in the rhizosphere. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major food crops in China. However, the types and quantities of root exudates are regulated by multiple factors during the release of specific root exudates, in order to adapt to plant-soil-microbe interactions. This article comprehensively reviews the latest research progress on rice root exudates both domestically and internationally. The aim is to systematically elaborate on the development and types of rice root exudates, deeply analyze the key factors influencing their production, and examine their critical roles in soil nutrient activation and plant-microbe interactions. Additionally, the environmental effects of rice root exudates are explored. The article also discusses future research directions and application prospects of root exudates, with the hope of providing a theoretical foundation for the sustainable development of green agriculture.