Abstract: Rice rhizosphere microbiomes refer to the microbial communities in the soil near the root system of rice. These microorganisms play a crucial role in rice growth, nutrient utilization, and the cycling of soil nutrients such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Investigating the key processes and major influencing factors of soil C, N, and P cycling driven by rice rhizosphere microorganisms provides a theoretical foundation for creating microenvironments that enhance microbial activity and improve nutrient utilization efficiency. The rice rhizosphere microbial-driven carbon cycle primarily encompasses microbial carbon sequestration, organic carbon mineralization, and methane emission. These processes are significantly influenced by the addition of exogenous organic matter, such as straw incorporation and the application of organic fertilizers, along with varying water conditions. The nitrogen cycle processes mainly include microbial nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation. These processes are predominantly affected by fertilization practices and soil physicochemical properties, such as pH and organic carbon content. The primary processes of the phosphorus cycle involve the mineralization of organic phosphate and the dissolution of inorganic phosphorus, which are chiefly influenced by soil phosphorus content and the availability of microbial carbon. To maximize the utilization of functional microorganisms in the rice rhizosphere, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the relative contributions of different influencing factors in the key processes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling driven by rice rhizosphere microorganisms in future research. It is also essential to engineer a “beneficial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling functional microbial community” with reliable function using single-cell Raman spectroscopy, combined with synthetic microbiota methods. Ultimately, the goal is to contribute to the development and application of biofertilizers, reducing the global agriculture's reliance on chemical substances, and ensuring food security.