施用氯化钾对马铃薯氯含量的影响及动态氯临界值

聂鑫; 李佳琪; 原琳; 汤金融; 符强; 张娟; 孙磊

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2024157

施用氯化钾对马铃薯氯含量的影响及动态氯临界值

Effect of potassium chloride application on the chlorine content of potato and dynamic chlorine critical values

摘要

摘要:
目的通过研究氯化钾(KCl)施用量和施用时期对马铃薯氯营养特征及产量的影响，确定以块茎产量为基础的氯敏感时期和指示器官，以及氯敏感时期指示器官的动态Cl⁻临界值，为马铃薯生产中氯化钾等含氯肥料的安全施用提供参考依据。
方法以‘尤金’为供试品种进行田间试验，在K₂O施用时期和施用量相同的条件下，分别在基肥和追肥中施用不同比例的氯化钾，并选取马铃薯关键生育期进行植物样品采集，分别测定各器官的Cl⁻含量和生物量，并在成熟期测定马铃薯块茎产量和产量构成因子。根据马铃薯不同生育时期各器官Cl⁻含量与产量的相关性，确定马铃薯对Cl⁻的敏感时期和指示器官，根据敏感期指示器官Cl⁻含量与块茎相对产量确定以马铃薯产量为评价依据的马铃薯动态Cl⁻临界值。
结果不同时期施用不同量的氯化钾均会显著提高马铃薯各器官的Cl⁻含量与Cl⁻积累量(P<0.05)，且块茎Cl⁻含量(0.1%～0.6%)显著低于茎叶(0.4%～4.1%) (P<0.05)。茎叶的Cl⁻积累量最高可达45.0 kg/hm²，分配比例在成熟期可降低到45%左右，块茎的Cl⁻积累量在成熟期可达到31.73 kg/hm²，分配比例增加到55%左右；茎叶的Cl⁻积累速率在块茎形成期达到最高值，平均约为1.43 kg/(hm²·d)，块茎的Cl⁻积累速率在成熟期达到最大值，平均约为0.85 kg/(hm²·d)。苗期和块茎形成期叶片Cl⁻含量与块茎产量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)，且两个时期叶片Cl⁻含量低于0.7%时，块茎相对产量≧100%；叶片Cl⁻含量苗期高于1.5%时，块茎形成期高于2.1%时，块茎的相对产量将低于95% (P<0.05)。
结论以马铃薯块茎产量为基础，叶片Cl⁻含量可作为马铃薯氯营养状况的指示器官，在苗期Cl⁻临界值为1.5%，块茎形成期的Cl⁻临界值为2.1%。

Abstract:
Objective By studying the effects of potassium chloride (KCl) application rate and timing on chloride nutrient characteristics and yield in potato, the chlorine-sensitive period and indicator organs, based on potato tuber yield, were identified. Additionally, the dynamic Cl⁻ critical value of the indicator organs during the chlorine-sensitive period was determined, providing a reference for the safe application of chloride-containing fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, in potato production.
Methods Field experiments were conducted using the variety 'Youjin'. Under consistent conditions of K₂O application rate and timing, different proportions of KCl were applied as base and top dressing. Plant samples were collected at key growth stages to determine the Cl⁻ content and biomass of each organ, and tuber yield and yield component factors were measured at maturity. The correlation between Cl⁻ content in different organs and yield was analyzed to determine the indicator organ and sensitive period for Cl⁻ in potatoes, as well as the threshold Cl⁻ content in the indicator organ during the sensitive period.
Results The application rate and timing of KCl significantly increased the Cl⁻ content and Cl⁻ accumulation in different organs of potatoes (P<0.05), but the Cl⁻ content in tubers (0.1%～0.6%) remained significantly lower than in vines (0.4%～4.1%) (P<0.05). The highest accumulation of Cl⁻ in vines reached 45.0 kg/hm², with the distribution ratio reduced to about 45% at the mature stage. Cl⁻ accumulation in tubers reached 31.73 kg/hm² at the mature stage, with the distribution ratio reaching about 55%. The Cl⁻ accumulation rate in vines peaked during the tuber formation stage, averaging 1.43 kg/(hm²·d), while the Cl⁻ accumulation rate in tubers peaked at the mature stage, averaging 0.85 kg/(hm²·d). The Cl⁻ content in leaves during the seedling and tuber formation stages was significantly negatively correlated with tuber yield (P< 0.05). When the Cl⁻ content in leaves was below 0.7% during both stages, relative tuber yield was ≥100%. However, when the Cl⁻ content in leaves exceeded 1.5% during the seedling stage and 2.1% during the tuber formation stage, the relative tuber yield dropped below 95% (P<0.05). Therefore, leaf Cl⁻ content during the seedling and tuber formation stages can be used as an indicator for potato tuber yield.
Conclusion Based on potato yield, leaf Cl⁻content can serve as an indicator of the chlorine nutritional status of potatoes. The Cl⁻ critical value during the seedling stage is 1.5%, while the Cl⁻ critical value during the tuber formation stage is 2.1%.

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