• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

氮肥与生物炭、有机肥配施对菜心生长及养分积累的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with biochar or organic fertilizer on the growth and nutrient accumulation of Chinese flowering cabbage Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis (L.) var. utilis Tsen et Lee

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究氮肥配施生物炭、有机肥对菜心生长和养分积累的影响，为优化菜心养分管理策略、推动菜心提质增效生产提供科学依据。
    方法 于2022年和2023年，在广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验基地开展连续两年的田间试验，采用裂区试验设计。主因素为氮肥用量，包括不施氮(−N)和优化氮肥用量(N 135 kg/hm2，+N)处理；副因素为有机肥(+M)和生物炭(+C)处理。在收获期取样测定菜心生物量、养分含量，并计算养分积累量，并监测2023年菜心生长期内叶面积、生物量及养分积累量的动态变化。
    结果 有机肥和生物炭施用均能提高菜心生物量，但施用效果受施氮量的影响，在−N条件下，+C和+M处理两年生物量较−N处理分别平均提高了18.6%和84.5%，而在+N条件下，+C和+M处理生物量比+N处理分别平均增加了10.1%和48.3%。不论是否施用氮肥，有机肥对菜心生物量的提升效果均优于生物炭，−N+M处理两年生物量分别比−N+C增加了19.2%和88.9%，+N+M处理两年生物量较+N+C分别高27.0%和41.1%。氮肥与生物炭、有机肥配施主要提高了收获期菜心氮含量，−N+C、−N+M处理在2022和2023年菜心收获期氮积累量分别较−N处理增加了38.6%、94.4%和51.3%、226.2%，+N+C、+N+M处理在2022年和2023年菜心氮积累量较+N处理分别提高了5.0%、42.1%和31.7%、132.1%。与−N处理相比，−N+C处理菜心收获期磷、钾、镁和硼积累量两年间无显著性差异，而−N+M处理菜心磷、钾、钙和镁积累量均显著提高。无论施氮与否，有机肥对菜心不同生育期生物量和叶面积的促进作用均优于生物炭。
    结论 氮肥与生物炭或有机肥配施均能促进菜心生长，提高菜心生物量和养分积累量，不论是否施氮肥，有机肥的施用效果优于生物炭。因此，在高产、高效菜心生产中应结合生物炭和有机肥特点进行合理施用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The effect of nitrogen application (N) combined with biochar or organic fertilizer on the growth and nutrient accumulation of Chinese flowering cabbage was investigated, to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the nutrient management strategy and promoting quality and efficiency improvement in cabbage.
    Methods A field experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Key Experimental Base for Vegetable New Technology Research in Guangdong Province, using a split-plot experimental design with the primary factors of N fertilizer: without (−N) and optimized N fertilizer (N 135 kg/hm2, +N), and the secondary factors of organic fertilizer (+M) and biochar (+C). The biomass and nutrient content of cabbages were measured, and the nutrient accumulation was calculated during the harvesting period. The dynamic changes in leaf area, biomass, and the nutrient accumulation of the cabbage in 2023 were measured.
    Results N supply affected the biomass promotion effect of organic fertilizer and biochar. In 2022 and 2023, the biomass increment of +C and +M treatments were averaged 18.6% and 84.5% under −N condition and compared to −N control, and 10.1% and 48.3% under +N condition compared to the +N treatment. Organic fertilizer was recorded superior effect to biochar in enhancing cabbage biomass, the biomass of −N+M treatment was 19.2% and 88.9% higher than that of −N+C treatment in 2022 and 2023, and the biomass of +N+M treatment was 27.0% and 41.1% higher than that of +N+C treatment, respectively. All the nitrogen, biochar, and organic fertilizer application increased the cabbage N content at harvest. Nitrogen accumulation in 2022 and 2023 in −N+C, −N+M treatment increased by 38.6%, 94.4%, and 51.3%, 226.2%, respectively, compared with the −N treatment, and +N+C and +N+M treatment increased the N accumulation by 5.0% and 42.1% in 2022, and by 31.7% and 132.1% in 2023, compared to +N treatment. There was no significant difference between the −N+C and −N treatment in P, K, Mg, and B accumulation during the harvest period of Chinese flowering cabbage in the two years, whereas P, K, Ca, and Mg accumulation in −N+M treatment were significantly higher than in −N treatment. The promotion of biomass and leaf area of Chinese flowering cabbage at different fertility levels by organic fertilizers with and without N application was superior to that of biochar.
    Conclusions The promotion effect of biochar and organic fertilizer application is affected by the supply of N fertilizer, and organic fertilizer shows better effect than biochar. Therefore, in vegetable production, organic fertilizer should be considered to maximize the role of nitrogen fertilizer in Chinese flowering cabbage production.

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(37)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回