Abstract: Mineral nutrition plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. One of the current research hotspots is the question of how to optimize nutrient management in order to regulate soil ecological functions and plant immune responses for effective prevention and control of plant diseases. This paper reviews the interrelationships between plant mineral nutrients and diseases and describes the mechanisms of disease control by plant mineral elements from the aspects of physical resistance, biochemical resistance, molecular resistance, and microbial regulation. The proper supply of mineral nutrients can not only regulate the tissue and structural properties of plants to establish physical barriers against pathogen invasion, but also induce biochemical resistance by influencing the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites, amino acid metabolism, and the activity of plant defense-related enzymes, among other mechanisms. Furthermore, it can induce molecular resistance through the regulation of plant signals and the activation of plant immune responses at the molecular level. Besides, mineral nutrition can alter the composition of plant root secretions to regulate the structure of inter-root microorganisms, thereby maintaining plant and soil health. Therefore, the use of plant mineral nutrition to coordinate plant-soil-microbe interactions to enhance plant resistance may provide new ideas for green prevention and control of plant diseases. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms by which multiple mineral nutrient complexes regulate plant immunity, the differences between plant and microbial responses to mineral nutrients, and the development of precision fertilizer application techniques to enhance plant resistance to diseases.