• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

宽窄行结合高密度栽培有效提高糯高粱产量及干物质和氮素的积累转运

Combination of high plant density and wide-narrow row planting enhances the yield, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and transportation in waxy sorghum

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 明确贵州糯高粱干物质、氮素积累转运对种植模式和密度的响应特征，为贵州糯高粱的高产栽培提供技术支撑。
    方法 选用贵州高粱主栽品种‘红缨子’，以种植模式为主区进行裂区试验，种植模式设置等行距模式(行距60 cm+60 cm，MD)和宽窄行模式(行距40 cm+80 cm，MK)；副区为种植密度：8.25、9.75、11.25、12.75、14.25万株/hm2，分别用D8.25、D9.75、D11.25、D12.75、D14.25表示。调查了糯高粱花前和花后干物质和氮素积累转运量及产量。
    结果 与MD模式相比，MK模式下糯高粱平均单产增加10.01%，花前、花后干物质和氮素积累量(或同化量)分别增加10.63%、12.62%和7.59%、8.78%，干物质和氮素积累总量分别增加了9.70%和10.88%；MK下干物质和氮素转运量显著增加，分别较MD模式增加3.00%和17.37%。随着种植密度的增加，糯高粱的产量、干物质和氮素积累转运呈现先增加后降低的趋势，MD和MK模式下各参数分别在D11.25、D12.75处理达到最大，且MK-D12.75处理的产量较MD-D11.25处理增加了9.40%，花前、花后总干物质积累量分别增加了12.44%、11.76%，花前、花后氮素积累量分别增加了12.08%、13.44%，干物质和氮素转运量分别增加4.42%和18.90%。对两个模式下的产量与密度进行二次曲线拟合表明，MK模式下达到最大产量的密度为12.18万株/hm2，高于MD模式的11.75万株/hm2。
    结论 与等行距种植相比，宽窄行种植可采用更高的种植密度促进干物质和氮素的积累和转运，进而显著提高糯高粱产量。当前试验条件下，等行距模式下建议控制密度在11.75万株/hm2，宽窄行模式密度可适当提高至12.18万株/hm2，以获得更高产量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We investigated the dry matter and nitrogen (N) accumulation and transportation of waxy sorghum under different planting patterns and densities, to provide technical support for high efficient cultivation of waxy sorghum in Guizhou Province.
    Methods A split plot experiment was conducted in Guizhou Agricultural University, using sorghum cultivar ‘Hongyingzi’ as test material. The main plots were two planting patterns: equal row (60 cm wide, MD), and wide-narrow row (40 cm+80 cm, MK). The subplots were planting densities: 8.25×104 plants/hm2 (D8.25), 9.75×104 plants/hm2 (D9.75), 11.25×104 plants/hm2 (D11.25), and 12.75×104 plants/hm2 (D12.75) and 14.25×104 plants/hm2 (D14.25). The dry matter and N accumulation were investigated before and after flowering stage, and the transportation rate of dry matter and N before flowering and the yield of waxy sorghum were analyzed.
    Results Compared to MD, MK increased grain yield by 10.01%, dry matter accumulation before and after flowering by 10.63% and 7.59%, N accumulation before and after flowering by 12.62% and 8.78%, the total dry matter and N accumulation by 9.70% and 10.88% on average. The transfer amount of dry matter and nitrogen in MK mode was 3.00% and 17.37% higher than those in MD mode. With the increase of planting density, the waxy sorghum yield and the accumulation and transportation of dry matter and N increased first and then decreased, and all the parameters reached the maximum under D11.25 in MD and D12.75 in MK mode. Compared with MD-D11.25 treatment, MK-D12.75 increased yield by 9.40%, total dry matter accumulation before and after flowering by 12.44% and 11.76% and the total N accumulation before and after flowering by 12.08% and 13.44%, and the dry matter and nitrogen transportation by 4.42% and 18.90%, respectively. Quadratic curve fitting of yield and density showed that the maximum yield density in MK mode was 12.18×104 plants/hm2, which was higher than that in MD mode (11.75×104 plants/hm2).
    Conclusions The wide-narrow row planting (MK mode) allows a higher planting density compared to the equal row planting (MD mode), which can notably augment the yield and facilitate the accumulation and transportation of dry matter and nitrogen of waxy sorghum. Based on the current experimental conditions, it is advisable to maintain a density of 12.18×104 plants/hm2 to attain a higher yield in Guizhou.

     

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