Abstract: Soil health is the foundation of sustainable agricultural development, and a crucial requirement for ensuring national food security and implementing the strategy of “storing grain in the land”. Long-term experiments provide a valuable platform for studying soil health and cultivating healthy soils with their extensive spatial and temporal coverage, rich data, and diverse fertilization management practices. In this paper, we analyzed the connotation and indicator systems of soil health, the layout of long-term experiments in China, and systematically summarized advances in farmland quality and soil health based on long-term experiments in arable land of China. These included the different parts of soil heath such as evolution of crop yield and its stability, soil organic matter evolution and its relationship with yield, soil pH evolution, and biodiversity changes. Furthermore, the prospects for soil health studies based on long-term experiments were proposed, including establishing soil health indicators and evaluation systems tailored to local conditions, conducting in-depth analysis of the patterns and driving mechanisms of soil health evolution, and developing healthy soils cultivation techniques. These efforts aim to promote soil health studies with high-quality, thereby enhancing the quality and safety of agricultural products and fostering sustainable agricultural development.