• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

麦季耕作方式和玉米季氮肥用量对旱地麦−玉两熟区玉米产量和氮素利用的影响

Effects of tillage practices in wheat season and nitrogen rates in maize season on the yield and nitrogen utilization of maize in wheat-maize double cropping region in drylands

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 在旱地麦−玉两熟区，关于麦季耕作方式与玉米季氮肥用量如何共同影响玉米产量及氮素利用效率的综合性研究相对较少。我们运用熵权法和TOPSIS法建立了综合评价模型，评价各处理方案间的差异，为麦−玉两熟区玉米高产高效生产提供理论依据。
    方法 2020—2022年，在典型旱地麦−玉两熟区河南省洛阳市孟津区小浪底镇开展二因素裂区田间定位试验，以麦季旋耕(RT)、翻耕(PT)和深松(SS) 3种耕作方式为主区，以玉米季基施氮0 kg/hm2 (N0)、150 kg/hm2 (N150)、210 kg/hm2 (N210)和270 kg/hm2 (N270) 4个氮肥用量为副区，研究不同处理对玉米产量及其构成因素、成熟期地上部干物质和氮素积累量以及氮素利用效率的影响，并使用熵权法和TOPSIS法建模选优。
    结果 麦季耕作方式和玉米季氮肥用量及二者互作对玉米产量、产量构成要素、干物质积累量、氮素积累量和氮素利用效率均有显著影响。与RT和PT处理相比，SS处理玉米平均产量分别提高10.4%和7.8%，干物质积累量分别提高12.4%和6.7%，氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥贡献率分别提高14.4%和10.3%、77.5%和50.9%、52.7%和34.5%。相同耕作方式下，随着氮肥用量的增加，玉米产量、干物质积累量、氮素积累量、氮肥农学效率和氮肥贡献率均表现为先增加后稳定，而氮肥吸收效率和氮肥偏生产力逐渐降低。与N270处理相比，N210处理玉米产量、干物质积累量、氮素积累量、氮素内在效率和氮肥贡献率在3年中均无显著差异，但氮肥吸收效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率分别显著提高29.2%、30.1%和33.0%。从互作效应看，3年中SSN210处理的产量、干物质积累量和氮素积累量虽与SSN270无显著差异，但均显著高于其他处理，平均增幅分别为10.1%～70.4%、7.0%～59.2%和6.1%～65.3%；氮肥农学效率除2021年低于SSN150处理外，其余年份均显著高于其他处理14.8%～237.9%；3年平均氮肥内在效率和氮肥贡献率也均高于其他处理。运用TOPSIS法进行综合评价后发现，在同一施氮量下3年中综合评价值均表现为SS>PT>RT，在同一耕作方式下均以N210处理显著高于其他氮肥用量处理，互作条件下均以SSN210处理最高。
    结论 麦季深松配合玉米季施氮210 kg/hm2，是实现旱地麦−玉两熟区玉米高产高效的有效途径。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives There are inadequate research on the effect of tillage methods and nitrogen application rate for summer maize in the wheat-maize double cropping system, so we carried out the research and proposed a measurement utilizing the entropy weight method and the TOPSIS method to establish a comprehensive evaluation model. This model assesses the differences among treatment schemes, providing a theoretical basis for high-yield and efficient maize production in the wheat-maize double cropping region.
    Methods From 2020 to 2022, a two-factor split plot field experiment was conducted in Mengjin District, Luoyang City, Henan Province, where was a typical dryland wheat-maize double cropping area in China. The main plots involved tillage practices before wheat sowing: rotary tillage (RT), ploughing (PT), and subsoiling (SS); and the subplots consisted of four N basal application rates: 0, 150, 210, and 270 kg/hm2 before maize sowing (denoted as N0, N150, N 210, and N270, respectively). At harvesting stage of maize each year, the maize yield and yield components, whole plant dry matter weight were investigated, and the N content in aboveground part was analyzed for calculation of N use efficiency. The entropy weight and TOPSIS methods were used to select the optimal combination of tillage and N rate.
    Results Tillage methods, N rates, and their interaction showed a significant effect on maize yield, yield components, aboveground dry biomass and N accumulation, and N use efficiency. Compared with RT and PT, SS increased maize yield by 10.4% and 7.8%, dry aboveground biomass by 12.4% and 6.7%, N fertilizer partial productivity by14.4% and 10.3%, N fertilizer agronomic efficiency by 77.5% and 50.9%, and N fertilizer contribution rate by 52.7% and 34.5%. Under the same tillage practice, increasing N rate led to higher yield, dry biomass accumulation, N accumulation, N fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and N fertilizer contribution rate, but lower N uptake efficiency and N fertilizer partial productivity. Over the three years, compared with N270, N210 was recorded similar yield, dry matter accumulation, N accumulation, N internal efficiency, and N fertilizer contribution rate in maize, but 29.2%, 30.1% and 33.0% higher N uptake efficiency, N fertilizer partial productivity and N fertilizer agronomic efficiency, respectively. Considering the combination effects, the yield, dry matter and N accumulation of SSN210 were similar to those of SSN270, but 10.1%−70.4%, 7.0%−59.2%, and 6.1%−65.3% higher than those of the other treatments; the N fertilizer agronomic efficiency of SSN210 was 14.8%−237.9% higher than those of other treatments over the three years, except for that of SSN150 in 2021. Moreover, the 3-year average N internal efficiency and N fertilizer contribution rate were also higher than those under other treatments. Evaluated with TOPSIS method, the comprehensive value of tillage methods was in the order of SS>PT>RT under the same N rate, and the score of N210 was significantly higher than other N rates under the same tillage practice.
    Conclusions The combination of subsoiling in wheat season and basal application of N 210 kg/hm2 in maize season is recommended for maize in the arid wheat-maize double cropping region.

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(39)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回