• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

分次追施氮磷钾肥提高春玉米经济效益和肥料利用率的效应

Split topdressing of NPK fertilizer improve the economic benefits and fertilizer use efficiency of spring maize production

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 传统浅埋滴灌玉米生产中多采用磷钾全部基施，生育期追施施氮肥的养分管理模式，磷钾养分未实现分期调控，制约产量和养分利用效率提升。因此，我们研究了适宜于浅埋滴灌玉米栽培的氮磷钾养分全部分施模式。
    方法 田间试验于2022年在内蒙古土默川平原灌区包头市土默特右旗、呼和浩特市土默特左旗和西辽河平原灌区通辽市科左中旗同步开展试验，2023年在内蒙古西辽河平原灌区科尔沁区开展试验。以玉米品种‘迪卡159’为试验材料，种植密度为9.75万株/hm2。在氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)总量分别为270 kg/hm2、120 kg/hm2、70.5 kg/hm2条件下，设置常规施肥模式(CK)、无基肥氮磷钾三次滴施(WF-3)和无基肥氮磷钾六次滴施(WF-6)施肥模式，以及不施氮(N0)、不施磷(P0)、不施钾(K0)处理 盈余计算肥料利用率。于吐丝期(R1)、乳熟期(R3)、成熟期(R6)取茎、叶和穗样品，测定生物量和氮、磷、钾含量，收获后测定产量和产量构成因素。
    结果 与CK相比，两年四地田间试验WF-3和WF-6处理的平均增幅为：群体生物量3.60%、8.61%，穗粒数2.78%、6.37%，千粒重2.03%、4.96%，产量5.26%、12.35%，净收益7.77%、12.32%，氮肥农学效率16.17%、41.63%，营养器官氮素转运量5.61%、6.57%，花后籽粒氮素积累量13.62%、15.07%，磷肥农学效率16.24%、41.76%，磷素积累量9.69%、17.82%，营养器官磷素转运量4.92%、8.46%，花后籽粒磷素积累量13.38%、24.56%，钾肥农学效率16.37%、41.83%，钾素积累量10.87%、13.35%，营养器官钾素转运量15.07%、17.96%。WF-6处理以上所有指标的增幅均显著高于WF-3处理。
    结论 氮磷钾分次滴施可以增加吐丝前后玉米养分的吸收、积累与分配，促进干物质积累量，显著增加玉米产量、养分利用效率及经济效益。两年四地试验均证明氮磷钾肥穗滴灌分六次追施的产量、经济效益和肥料利用率最高。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Traditional maize production uses to apply full doses of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in base, only apply nitrogen fertilizer in base and topdressing. We studied the effects of multiple topdressing of all the NPK fertilizers across maize growing season, by use of the shallow-buried drip irrigation.
    Methods Taking spring maize cultivar ‘Dika 159’ as test materials, three field experiments were conducted in 2022 and one in 2023 in four different cities in West Liaohe Plain Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia. Three fertilization treatments, with the same total amount of N, P and K fertilizer amounts (N 270 kg/hm2, P 120 kg/hm2, and K 70.5 kg/hm2), were set: conventional fertilization (CK), topdressing total fertilizer in three times (WF-3), and in six times (WF-6). In addition, no nitrogen (N0), phosphorus (P0), or potassium (K0) treatments were arranged for calculation of fertilizer use efficiency. Plant samples were collected at silking, milk maturity, and maturity stage for analysis of biomass, and NPK contents. At harvest, the yield and yield components were investigated.
    Results Compared with CK, the average increments of four experiments in two years in WF-3 and WF-6 treatments were: population biomass by 3.60% and 8.61%, kernel number per ear by 2.78% and 6.37%, 1000-kernel weight by 2.03% and 4.96%, yield by 5.26% and 12.35% through increased of 1000-grain weight and kenal number per ear, and net profits by 7.77% and 12.32%, respectively; N agronomic efficiency by 16.17% and 41.63%, N accumulation in vegetative organs by 8.64% and 9.77%, N export from vegetative organs by 5.61% and 6.57%, post anthesis grain N accumulation by 13.62% and 15.07%; phosphorus agronomic efficiency by 16.24% and 41.76%, post-anthesis grain P accumulation by 13.38% and 24.56%; potassium agronomic efficiency by 16.37% and 41.83%, vegetative organ K accumulation by 10.87% and 13.35%, K export from vegetative organs by 15.07% and 17.96%. In addition, the effects of WF-6 treatment were all significantly higher than WF-3.
    Conclusions Split topdressing all the NPK fertilizers boosts dry matter accumulation pre- and post-anthesis stage, improves pre-anthesis nutrient uptake and accumulation and the distribution to grains resulting in notable increases in yield, nutrient efficiency, and economic returns. All the results of four experiments in two years proved the satisfactory effect of topdressing fertilizers in six times by means of drip irrigation for spring maize production in Inner Mongolia.

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(46)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回