• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

6-BA对孕穗期低温胁迫后小麦光合性能、灌浆特性和产量的影响

Effects of 6-BA on photosynthetic performance, grain filling characteristics and yield of wheat subjected to low temperature at booting stage

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究外源6-BA对孕穗期低温胁迫后小麦光合性能及产量下降的缓解效果。
    方法 选用低温迟钝型品种烟农19和低温敏感型品种皖麦52进行了盆栽试验。于孕穗期，将盆栽小麦移入人工生长室内进行低温胁迫处理，处理温度设定为2个：−2℃、0℃，低温处理时间为18：00～06：00，06：00～18：00温度均为5℃，24 h处理结束后移回大田。设置4个6-BA溶液喷施浓度处理：0 (CK)、10、20、30 mg/L，低温处理后1天进行喷施。在抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期，取小麦旗叶样品，测定SPAD值、光合性能指标、光合相关酶活性，开花后10天起，取籽粒样品，测定灌浆灌浆特性、产量及其构成因素。
    结果 与对照组相比，喷施6-BA均提高了两个低温胁迫小麦旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)以及最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)；喷施6-BA处理的小麦旗叶RuBP羧化酶活性在花后10 d提高12.72%～53.64%，PEP羧化酶活性提高6.40%～44.17%。低温胁迫处理后，外源6-BA溶液提高了籽粒粒重和灌浆速率。与对照相比，烟农19喷施6-BA处理的的灌浆平均速率和粒重分别提高5.56%～21.28%、1.32%～20.84%，皖麦52分别提高了3.26%～13.98%、6.26%～27.67%，对低温敏感的小麦皖麦52的修复效果优于低温迟钝型小麦品种烟农19。
    结论 外源6-BA能够显著改善孕穗期低温后小麦旗叶的光合特性，提高小麦籽粒灌浆能力，减轻低温胁迫造成的减产。本试验条件中，20 mg/L的6-BA溶液对低温胁迫影响的缓解效果最好。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We explored the alleviation effect of exogenous 6-benzylaminoadenine (6-BA) on the decline of photosynthetic performance and yield of wheat after low temperature (LT) stress at booting stage, and the appropriate spray concentration.
    Methods A low temperature insensitive wheat variety ‘Yannong 19’ and a not sensitive wheat variety ‘Wanmai 52’ were selected as the test materials in a pot experiment. The wheat pots were filled with the 0−20 cm layer soil in a paddy, and burried into soil during the wheat growing periods. At the boosting stage, wheat pots were dig out and subjected to low temperature stress in a growing chamber for one day. The designed low temperature were −2°C, and 0°C during 18:00−06:00, and 5°C during 06:00−18:00. Then the wheat pots were moved back to the field and sprayed with 10, 20 and 30 mg/L 6-BA solution, and the same amount of distilled water as control, respectively. At the booting, grain filling and maturing stage of wheat, the flag leaf samples were collected for the measurements of SPAD, photosynthetic parameters and relative enzyme activities. Grain samples were collected since the 10th day of anthesis for the determination of grain filling rate, at maturing stage, yield and 1000-kernal weight were investigated.
    Results Compared with the control group, spraying 6-BA increased the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of flag leaves of wheat subjected to low temperature stress, and increased the RuBP carboxylase activity by 15.17%−43.61% and the PEP carboxylase activity by 6.40%−30.64%. Compared with the control, spraying 6-BA increased the average grain filling rate and grain weight of Yannong 19 by 5.56%−21.28% and 1.32%−20.84%, respectively, and increased the average grain filling rate and grain weight of Wanmai 52 by 3.26%−13.98% and 6.26%−27.67%, respectively.
    Conclusions Spraying 6-BA at booting stage can significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves after low temperature stress, speed up the grain filling rate and enhance the 1000-gain weight of wheat, thus reduce the yield loss caused by low temperature stress. In this experiment, 20 mg/L 6-BA solution shows the best mitigation effect on the effects of low temperature stress.

     

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