• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

生物炭与功能菌配施协同改善连作土壤质量促进作物养分吸收的作用

The synergistic effect of combined application of biochar and functional microbial inoculants on improving soil quality and crop nutrient uptake under continuous cropping system

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 设施栽培土壤集约化利用强度大，养分失衡且有效性低等问题突出，降低了土壤微生物维持养分循环和土壤健康的功能。本文探讨了生物炭与功能菌配合提高土壤养分有效性、酶活性和作物养分吸收的效应，研究结果可为研制基于生物炭的微生物肥料开发提供科学依据。
    方法 以连作3年的设施樱桃番茄栽培土壤为供试土壤，开展盆栽试验。设置8个处理，水稻秸秆炭与褐球固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)分别单施(B、P1、P2、P3)和配施(BP1、BP2、BP3)，另设空白对照(CK)，所有处理均基施等量复合肥。在成熟期(移栽后90天)，取根区土壤样品测定土壤养分、酶活性，测定植株氮磷钾养分含量，调查植株生物量和产量。
    结果 与CK相比，BP1、BP2、BP3处理根区土壤全碳提高了31.0%、30.1%和15.4%，碳氮比分别增加了18.2%、19.2%和14.4%，速效磷增加了45.2%、63.3%和47.1%，速效钾增加了50.8%、56.7%和38.4%，土壤质量指数分别增加了228.6%、271.3%、101.3%，樱桃番茄产量分别增加了65.1%、44.5%和50.4%。BP1处理土壤过氧化物酶和脲酶活性分别较CK显著提高了11.3%和29.8%，较P1处理增加了36.2%和24.5%，BP2处理土壤酸性、碱性磷酸酶活性较CK增加了25.7%和8.4%。与CK相比，BP1、BP2、BP3处理植株根系氮含量分别提高了33.5%、24.9%和17.8%，磷含量提高了46.7%、47.3%和76.9%，钾含量分别提高了214.6%、159.8%和252.8%。BP2处理根系氮、磷和钾吸收量显著提高了140.0%、175.0%和405.0%。植株地上部和根系养分含量总体上与土壤质量指数(SQI)存在显著线性相关，尤以根系最为明显。
    结论 生物炭的功能主要在于改善土壤养分有效性，提高碳含量，功能菌的作用为增强土壤酶活性促进樱桃番茄的养分吸收和积累。生物炭与不同功能菌配施提高土壤质量的作用有所不同，与三个功能菌配施均可有效提高根区连作土壤全碳和速效磷钾含量，提升碳氮比，最终提高樱桃番茄养分吸收和产量，生物炭与褐球固氮菌配施提高土壤过氧化物酶和脲酶活性的效果较为显著，与巨大芽孢杆菌配施提高磷酸酶活性的作用最佳。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The intensive utilization of soil in protected cultivation systems leads to prominent issues such as high-intensity land use, nutrient imbalances, and low availability, which impair the soil microorganisms' capacity to maintain nutrient cycling and soil health. This study investigates the effects of combining biochar with functional bacteria on enhancing soil nutrient availability, enzyme activities, and crop nutrient uptake. The findings provide a scientific basis for the development of biochar-based microbial fertilizers.
    Methods A pot experiment was conducted using soil from a three-year continuous cropping system of protected cherry tomatoes as the test substrate. Eight treatments were established: single applications of rice straw derived biochar (B), Azotobacter chroococcum (P1), Bacillus megaterium (P2), and Bacillus mucilaginosus (P3), as well as their combined applications (BP1, BP2, BP3), alongside a blank control (CK). All treatments received an equal amount of base compound fertilizer. At the maturity stage (90 days after transplanting), root-zone soil samples were collected to determine soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities. Plant N, P, and K contents were measured, and plant biomass and yield were weighed.
    Results Compared to the CK treatment, the BP1, BP2, and BP3 treatments increased total carbon in the root-zone soil by 31.0%, 30.1%, and 15.4%, the C/N ratios by 18.2%, 19.2%, and 14.4%, available P by 45.2%, 63.3%, and 47.1%, available K by 50.8%, 56.7%, and 38.4%, and the soil quality index (SQI) were thus increased by 228.6%, 271.3%, and 101.3%, and the cherry tomato yields increased by 65.1%, 44.5%, and 50.4%, respectively. The BP1 treatment significantly increased soil peroxidase and urease activities by 11.3% and 29.8% compared to CK, and by 36.2% and 24.5% compared to P1. The BP2 treatment increased soil acid and alkaline phosphatase activities by 25.7% and 8.4% compared to CK. Compared to CK, the BP1, BP2, and BP3 treatments increased root N content by 33.5%, 24.9%, and 17.8%, P content by 46.7%, 47.3%, and 76.9%, and K content by 214.6%, 159.8%, and 252.8%, respectively. The BP2 treatment significantly increased root N, P, and K uptake by 140.0%, 175.0%, and 405.0%, respectively. Overall, nutrient contents in both shoots and roots showed significant linear correlations with the soil quality index (SQI), with the strongest correlations observed in roots.
    Conclusions The combined application of biochar with different functional bacteria had varying effects on improving soil quality. All three combinations effectively increased total carbon and available P and K contents in the root-zone soil of continuously cropped land, enhanced the C/N ratio, and ultimately improved nutrient uptake and yield of cherry tomatoes. The combination of biochar with Azotobacter chroococcum notably increased soil peroxidase and urease activities, while the combination with Bacillus megaterium was most effective in enhancing phosphatase activity. The primary function of biochar is to improve soil nutrient availability and carbon content, whereas the functional bacteria enhance soil enzyme activities, thereby promoting nutrient uptake and accumulation in cherry tomatoes.

     

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