• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

秸秆全量还田配合深松提升土壤水分储量及玉米水分利用效率的效应

Total straw return combined with subsoiling improves water storage in soil and water use efficiency of maize

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 通过优化耕作与秸秆还田方式改变农田土壤物理性状实现玉米水分利用效率的最大化，为西辽河平原区玉米可持续增产提供技术支撑。
    方法 本研究基于通辽市农牧业科学院试验示范基地玉米长期定位试验，设置常规浅旋+秸秆不还田(RT)、推茬清垄条深旋+秸秆不还田(SCN)、推茬清垄条深旋+秸秆全量还田(SCA)、深松+秸秆不还田(STN)、深松+秸秆全量还田(STA) 、深翻+秸秆不还田(PTN) 、深翻+秸秆全量还田(PTA) 、免耕+秸秆不还田(NTN) 、免耕+秸秆全量还田(NTA)共9种处理，于2018—2020年连续3年开展田间试验，对比分析不同耕作方式与秸秆还田下土壤物理性状、水分状况及水分利用效率的差异，探讨影响WUE的关键土壤因子。
    结果 几种耕作方式中，深松+秸秆全量还田(STA)改变0—45耕层土壤容重和孔隙度的效果，提高玉米水分利用效率的效果最佳，土壤容重较常规浅旋处理(RT)3年平均降低8.18%，土壤孔隙度增加11.69%，40—80 cm土层的土壤含水量增加8.03%，土壤贮水量增加8.23%，耗水量降低6.82%，玉米产量提高17.34%，水分利用效率提高31.36%。其中土壤贮水量与土壤含水量对WUE变化的贡献率最大，分别是64.59%、62.89%。
    结论 与常规浅旋相比，秸秆全量还田配合深松降低了0—45cm土层的容重，提高了孔隙度，增强了土壤贮水性能，在提高玉米产量的同时显著降低了耗水量，因而，该措施可推荐为西辽河平原区春玉米高产、农田水资源高效利用的耕作方式。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives We conducted a field experiment to optimize the combination of tillage method and straw return amount, in order to support the sustainable and efficient maize production in Xiliao River Plain Irrigation Area, Northeast China.
    Methods A positioning experiment was carried out for three years at the Experimental Demonstration Base of Tongliao City Animal and Plant Science Research Institute, the test crop was maize. Nine treatments were included in the experiment: rotary tillage without straw return (RT), clearing stubble and straw in ridge and deep spin in strip cultivation (SCN), clearing stubble and return all straw followed with deep rotary tillage in strip (SCA), subsoil tillage without or with straw return (STN, STA), deep plow tillage without or with straw return (PTN, PTA), no-tillage without or with straw return (NTN, NTA). From 2018 to 2020, soil physical properties, moisture conditions, and water use efficiency were investigated each year. The key soil factors affecting water use efficiency (WUE) were also explored.
    Results Among several tillage methods, totals straw return following subsoiling (STA) showed the best effect on decreasing soil bulk density and increasing porosity of 0−45 cm soil layer, and improving the water use efficiency of maize. Compared with the conventional shallow tillage (RT), STA reduced soil bulk density by an average of 8.18%, increased soil porosity by 11.69%, increased soil water content in 40−80 cm layer by 8.03% and the soil water storage by 8.23%, reduced the water consumption by 6.82%, and increased maize yield by 17.34%, the water use efficiency was thus increased by 31.36%. The soil water storage and water content contributed the highest to the WUE, accounting for 64.59%, 62.89% of the WUE increment, respectively.
    Conclusions Full straw returning following by subsoiling could reduce soil bulk density and increase porosity of 0−45 cm layer, thereby enhance soil water reservoir, and increase maize water use efficiency and yield. Full straw returning following by subsoiling is regarded as an ideal tillage method for high maize yield and efficient use of water resources in the Xiliao River Plain irrigation areas.

     

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